1. Advantages: Solar energy is a clean, renewable energy that produces no pollutants and is rich in resources: solar radiation is the most abundant energy source on earth, almost everywhere and always in enormous quantities; ; Sustainability: Solar energy is an inexhaustible source of energy as long as there is sunlight, energy can be obtained continuously.
2. Disadvantages: The energy density of solar power is low, resulting in a large area and not suitable for urban core areas. Solar energy is greatly affected by weather and day and night changes, and cannot be used. provide continuous and stable power supply. Due to intermittency, high-efficiency energy storage systems are required to guarantee power supply even when there is no sunlight.
3. Solar energy is a renewable energy source, which pcomes mainly from light and heat from solar radiation. As a clean, renewable form of energy, solar energy has enormous potential and is being used increasingly globally. More widely used, solar energy is used in a variety of ways, including photothermal conversion and photoelectric conversion. Photothermal conversion involves converting solar energy into thermal energy through a collector and then using the thermal energy to heat or provide hot water. Commonly used in solar water heaters and home heating systems, photoelectric conversion directly converts sunlight into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect.
Advantages of solar energy
Advantages (1) Universal: The sun shines all over the earth and there are no geographical restrictions. It can be found everywhere, whether on earth or indoors.the sea, on mountains or islands, and can be directly developed and used without requiring mining and transportation. (2) Harmless: The development and use of solar energy will not pollute the environment. It is one of the cleanest sources of energy, which is extremely valuable today as environmental pollution becomes more and more serious. (3) Huge: The energy of solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface each year is approximately equivalent to 130,000 billion tons of coal, and its total amount constitutes the largest energy that can be developed in the world today. (4) Long term: According to the current rate of nuclear energy generated by the sun, the storage of hydrogen is enough to last for tens of billions of years, and life on earth is also about billions of years. we can say that the energy of the sun is used in an inexhaustible waysand.
Disadvantages
(1) Dispersion: Although the total amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface is large, the density of the energy flux is very low. On average, near the Tropic of Cancer, when the weather is relatively clear in summer, the irradiance of solar radiation is greatest at noon. The average solar energy received in an area of 1 square meter perpendicular to the direction of sunlight is approx. 1000W if total averaged day and night throughout the year, that's only about 200W. In winter it is only about half, and on cloudy days it is usually only about 1/5. This energy flow density is very low. Therefore, when using solar energy, if we want to obtain a certain conversion power, we often need a set of collection and conversion equipment with a considerable area, which is expensive. (2) Instability: in raison the limitations of natural conditions such as day and night, season, geographical latitude and altitude, as well as the influence of random factors such as clear, cloudy weather, clouds and rain, solar irradiation reaches a certain terrain is intermittent Yes, again. It is extremely unstable, which makes the large-scale application of solar energy more difficult. In order to make solar energy a continuous and stable energy source and ultimately become an alternative energy source that can compete with conventional energy sources, the problem of energy storage must be well solved , that is, the energy of solar radiation during clear days should be stored as much as possible for use at night or when it rains. It is used for everyday use, but currently energy storage is also one of the weakest links in usesolar energy. (3) Low efficiency and high cost: At the current level of development of solar energy use, some aspects are theoretically feasible and technically mature. However, some devices using solar energy have low efficiency and high cost. Generally speaking, the economy cannot compete with conventional energy sources. For a considerable period, the future development of the use of solar energy will be limited mainly by economic reasons.
Advantages of solar energy
As a new energy source, solar energy has three major characteristics compared to conventional energy sources:
First: it can be used by humans The most abundant source of energy. Clean, pollution-free, environmentally friendly, inexhaustible. It is estimated that over the past 1.1 billion years, the sun has consummed 2% of its energy. In the future, it will be enough to supply humans on earth for billions of years. It is truly inexhaustible.
Second: There is solar energy everywhere on earth, which can be developed and used locally without transportation problems, especially for greenhouses and solar rooms, solar cookers and ovens. high temperature, seawater desalination devices, water pumps. , Thermal power generation devices and solar medical equipment. Rural areas, islands and isolated areas where transportation is underdeveloped have greater use value. Areas between 50 and 60 degrees north and south latitude, where the annual sunshine duration is 1,600 to 2,400 hours (hours), are generally thought to have abundant solar energy that can be used provided that a certain price is spent initially. A sum of moneyis invested to make good use of solar energy. After installing the device, energy will be delivered to your door continuously, free of charge, and only a small amount of equipment maintenance costs will be spent during this period.
Third: Solar energy is a clean energy source. During development and use, no waste residue, waste water, waste gas or noise will be produced and it will not affect the ecological balance. Absolutely no pollution or public nuisance will be caused.
Fourth: Solar energy does not add thermal load to the Earth. This is a particularly important advantage of solar energy. This is why systems that use solar energy are also called “variable energy systems.” Because when we use solar energy to do work, even though it eventually turns into heat, if we don't use it tor perform work, it will eventually turn into heat.
Fifth: Solar Energy Safety. Nuclear power generation poses a risk of nuclear leakage. Once a nuclear leak occurs, it will cause a huge ecological crisis. However, solar energy absolutely has no such situation and is very reliable.
Advantages of solar products:
1. Unlimited energy is widely available and energy is provided at the lowest cost. As long as there is sunshine, it can perform photothermal conversion and work all year round.
2. Green and environmentally friendly products. As a clean, renewable energy, solar energy has incomparable advantages over other energy sources: no environmental pollution. Contamination, no safety risks.
3. Long life expectancy. For example, the vacuum tube, the main component of the solar water heater, has alifespan of around fifteen years. After expiration and replacement, other components may continue to be used. for another cycle.
4. When used in conjunction with other energy sources, it can operate in all weathers.
5. Significant economic benefits. One-time investment and long-term benefits are the distinctive features of solar products.
Summary - The use of solar energy is imperative
In view of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of solar energy, the development of solar energy remains very desirable. Visual pollution is very subjective, and who can guarantee that a huge collector will not become a spectacular landscape, and the question of cost cannot be short-sighted. Money and space spent can be exchanged over time. Think about it: in a few years, all non-renewable energy will be exhausted. At this timeEU, solar energy will be extremely valuable. As for the problem of poor stability, this is a fact that no one can change. see God The relationship between man and nature is not like that. The birth and death of all things have their own reasons. This is something humans cannot change. Therefore, the use of solar energy is imperative.
Technical fields of solar energy utilization
Human beings use solar energy in only three major technical fields, namely photothermal conversion, photovoltaic conversion and photochemical conversion. Additionally, there is energy storage technology. .
Photochemical conversion of sunlight includes: photosynthesis, photoelectrochemistry, photosensitive chemistry and photodecomposition reaction. Currently, this technical field is still at the experimental research stage.
So conversionThe photoelectric industry mainly includes various types of solar panels and power supply systems.
A solar cell is a device that directly converts sunlight into electrical energy.
The photoelectric efficiency of solar cells is about 10-14%, and their product types mainly include monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon. The price of domestic products (referring to the total cost of photovoltaic devices) is about 60-80% yuan/peak watt.
Solar cells have a wide range of applications. For example, artificial satellites, unmanned weather stations, communications stations, television relay stations, solar clocks, electric fences, black lights, navigation beacons and railway signals.
Sunlight thermal conversion technology offersse the largest number of products. Such as water heaters, water boilers, dryers, heating and cooling, greenhouses and solar rooms, solar cookers and high temperature ovens, seawater desalination devices, pumps water heaters, thermal power generation devices and solar medical equipment.