Principle of solar energy production

Solar power generation principle:

Solar cells are devices that use the photoelectric effect of semiconductor materials to convert energy solar into electrical energy. The basic process of photovoltaic effect: Assuming that light shines on the solar cell and is accepted at the interface layer, photons with sufficient energy can excite electrons of covalent bonds in P-type silicon and N-type silicon, resulting in the photovoltaic effect. electron generation - Pair of holes.

The electrons and holes adjacent to the interface layer will be separated from each other by the action of the electric field of the space charge before recombination. The electrons move towards the positively charged N region and the holes move towards the negatively charged P region. The separation of charges across the layer of interface will form an outward testable voltage between the P region and the N region.

At this point, electrodes can be added to both sides of the silicon wafer and a voltmeter can be connected. For crystalline silicon solar cells, the typical value of open circuit voltage is 0.5 to 0.6 V. The more electron-hole pairs generated by light illuminating the interface layer, the lower the current is high. The more light energy the interface layer receives, the larger the surface area of ​​the interface layer, i.e. the cell, and the greater the current formed in the solar cell.

What is the principle of energy production of solar panels?

Sunlight shines on the p-n junction of the semiconductor to form new hole-electron pairs under the action of. the electric field, holes flow from region n to region p and electrons flow from region ptowards region n. Once the circuit is turned on, a current is formed. This is how photovoltaic solar cells work.

With the continuous improvement of modern living standards, the use of nature has also reached its extreme, and the sun has also become the backbone of our lives. Sun care is essential in our lives, be it. It’s the lighting. Lamps and water heaters have solar modes, so what is the principle of solar power generation? Let's find out together.

Solar power generation methods There are two solar power generation methods, one is light-heat-electricity conversion method and the other is direct conversion method light-electricity.

(1) The light-heat-dynamic-electricity conversion method uses thermal energy generated by solar radiation to produce electricity. Generally, a sensorSolar converts the absorbed thermal energy into steam as the working fluid. then drive a steam turbine to generate electricity. The first process is a process of converting light into heat; the second process is a conversion of moving heat into electricity and the final conversion process, which is the same as ordinary thermal power generation. The disadvantages of solar thermal power generation are as follows. that the yield is very low and the cost is very high. Its investment is estimated to be at least 5 to 10 times more expensive than ordinary thermal power plants.

(2) Direct light-to-electricity conversion method This method uses the photoelectric effect to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy. The basic device for converting light into electricity is the solar cell. A solar cell is a device thati directly converts solar energy into electrical energy thanks to the photovoltaic effect. When the sun shines on the photodiode, the photodiode converts the light energy from the sun into electrical energy., generates current. When many batteries are connected in series or parallel, a solar cell array with relatively large output power can be formed. Solar cells are a promising new energy source with three major advantages: Solar cells have a long lifespan and can be invested once and used for a long time as long as the sun exists compared to thermal power generation . the cells do not cause environmental pollution.

What is the principle of solar water heaters

The power generation principle of solar panels is: sunlight shines on the p-n junction of the semiconductor to form a nonew hole. electron pairs, under the action of the electric field of the p-n junction, the holes flow from the n region to the p region and the electrons flow from the p region to the n region. Once the circuit is turned on, a current is formed. This is how photovoltaic solar cells work.

Solar cells are devices that use the photoelectric effect of semiconductor materials to convert solar energy into electrical energy: assuming that light shines on the solar cell and is accepted At the interface layer, photons with sufficient energy can In P-type silicon and N-type silicon, electrons are excited by covalent bonds, resulting in the generation of electron-hole pairs.

The electrons and holes adjacent to the interface layer will be separated from each other by the result of the electric field of the space charge before recombinationher. The electrons move towards the positively charged N region and the holes move towards the negatively charged P region. Through the charge separation of the interface layer, an outward testable voltage will be generated between the P region and the N region. At this point, electrodes can be added to both sides of the silicon wafer and connected to a voltmeter.

For crystalline silicon solar cells, the typical value of open circuit voltage is 0.5 to 0.6 V. The more electron-hole pairs generated by the light illuminating the interface layer, the higher the current. The more light energy the interface layer absorbs, the larger the surface area of ​​the interface layer, i.e. the battery, and the greater the current formed in the solar cell.

Many families have installed electric water heaters and solar water heaters because solar water heaters are equipments very environmentally friendly and energy efficient. So, what is the principle of solar water heaters?

1. Principle of operation of the solar water heater

According to its literal meaning, this type of water heater uses solar energy and then converts it into thermal energy through the action of light energy. , it can turn cold water into water. It can produce hot water and the water temperature is relatively high, which can meet the needs of people's living and production. One of the most commonly used on the market is an evacuated tube solar water heater with a collector tube, which mainly relies on this collector tube to convert solar energy into thermal energy. During the whole use process, cold water will flow, then hot water will float, so that a cycle can be achieved, and finally hot water can be obtained.

2. Can solar water heaters beused only on sunny days?

1. Many people have found that if it is cloudy, the solar water heater cannot work and cannot produce hot water. Mainly because solar water heaters use the sun to operate after all.

2. In response to this situation, some manufacturers have developed space energy water heater, although it is different from solar thermal. The water dispenser only differs once, but there is a difference. This type of water heater can also be used in cloudy weather, and according to its literal meaning, you can also understand that it combines solar energy and air energy, and the principle is relatively simple.

3. For example, if a Hot Rod device is added, solar energy can be used for heating on sunny days, but air energy can be used for heating on cloudy days. loss of water heater,Hot water supply can be guaranteed almost 24 hours a day.

4. Whether it is summer or winter, whether it is sunny or cloudy, it can provide hot water, so it is more convenient. In addition, this type of solar water heater has a relatively long lifespan and can do so. be used for 15 years.

Editor's Summary: The working principle of a solar water heater is relatively simple, which is to use solar energy to convert cold water into hot water. In comparison, this type of water heater can only get hot water when. used on sunny days.