Solar water heaters are mainly composed of two parts:
One part is a collector made of many heat-absorbing glass tubes. The glass tubes are double-layered under vacuum and basically have the same structure as solar water heaters. glass inner tank of the thermos bottle, only a black heat-absorbing layer is covered on the outer surface of the inner glass; the other part is an insulated water storage barrel, and the lower part is connected with the heat-absorbing glass tube. .
The working principle is: sunlight passes through the first glass layer of the heat-absorbing tube and shines on the black heat-absorbing layer of the second glass layer, absorbing the heat from solar energy. It is vacuum insulated. Heat cannot be transferred outside. It can only be transferred to the water inside the glass tube, chheating the water in the glass tube. The heated water becomes lighter and moves upward along the heated surface of the glass. tube into insulated water storage bucket. The temperature in the bucket is relatively high. The bottom water enters the glass tube along the backlight surface of the glass tube for replenishment. This continuous circulation causes the water in the insulated water storage bucket to continually heat. thus achieving the purpose of hot water.
Supplement: The energy converter for photovoltaic solar power generation consists of solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells. The principle of energy production by solar cells is the photovoltaic effect. When sunlight hits a solar cell, it absorbs light energy and creates electron-hole pairs. Under the action of the electric field integrated into the battery, the electronss and the holes are separated, and charges of different signs accumulate at the two ends of the battery, which generates a “photogenerated voltage”. This is the “photovoltaic effect”. If electrodes are removed from both sides of the built-in electric field and a load is connected, a "photogenerated current" will flow through the load, thereby obtaining power output. In this way, solar energy becomes practical electrical energy. The above working principle can be summarized into the following three main processes: (1) After the solar cell absorbs photons of a certain energy, electron-hole pairs are generated in the semiconductor, called " photogenerated carriers”. the two are opposites. Electrons are negatively charged and holes are positively charged; (2) Carriers with opposite electrical properties are separated by the electrostatic field generated by the P-N junction of the semiconductor. (2) Electrons and holes are collected by the positive and negative electrodes; of the solar cell respectively. And generate current in the external circuit to obtain electric energy. A power generation system that converts solar radiation energy into electrical energy via solar cells is called solar cell power generation system (also known as solar photovoltaic power generation system). The operation mode of ground-mounted solar PV power generation system can be mainly divided into two categories: off-grid operation and online operation. Solar PV power generation systems that are not connected to the public grid are called off-grid solar PV power generation systems, also known as independent PV power generation systems. They are princeMainly used in areas without electricity and some special remote places. public network. The solar photovoltaic power generation system connected to the public power grid is called on-grid solar photovoltaic power generation system. It is an important direction for solar photovoltaic power generation to enter the large-scale commercial power generation stage and become one of the system components. energy industry. It is the development of solar photovoltaic power generation technology in today's world.