What are the production processes and equipment required for solar panels?

Introduction What are the production processes and equipment required for solar panels? Amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells deposit a transparent conductive film (TCO) on a glass substrate, then

What are the production processes and equipment required for solar panels?

Amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells deposit a transparent conductive film (TCO) on a glass substrate, then use a plasma reaction to deposit p-, i-, and three-layer a-Si. not. in order, then evaporate the aluminum from the metal electrode (Al). Light comes from the glass surface and battery current is drawn from the transparent conductive film and aluminum. Its structure can be expressed as glass/TCO/pin/Al. , and it can also be made of stainless steel sheets, plastics, etc.

Silicon is currently the dominant material for solar cells. Silicon represents almost 40% of the cost of finished solar cells. However, the thickness of amorphous silicon solar cells is less than 1 μm, which is less than 1 μm. lower than that of crystalline silicon solar cells 1/100 of the thickness, which significantly reduces the manufacturing cost, and because the tempThe manufacturing temperature of amorphous silicon solar cells is very low (~200°C) and easy to produce large areas, it is lower than that of crystalline silicon solar cells. occupies a primordial position in thin film solar cells. In terms of manufacturing methods, there are electron cyclotron resonance method, photochemical vapor deposition method, DC glow discharge method, radio frequency glow discharge method, sputtering method and hot wire method. . In particular, the radio frequency glow discharge method can easily achieve continuous production on large areas and large volumes thanks to its low temperature process (~200 °C), and has now become a mature technology recognized at the international. In terms of materials research, a-SiC window layer, gradient interface layer,μC-SiC p layer, etc. were studied successively, which significantly improved the shortwave spectral response of the battery due to photogenerated generation. The carriers of a-Si solar cells are mainly in the i layer, the incident light is partially absorbed by the p layer before reaching the i layer, which is inefficient for power generation. The a-SiC and μC-SiC materials have a wider optical band. larger than p-type a-Si, thus reducing the impact on light. Absorption increases light reaching the i-layer, coupled with the use of gradient interface layers, the photoelectron transport characteristics at the a-SiC/a-Si heterojunction interface; are improved in terms of increasing the long-wave response, the textured TCO films, the multi-layer retro-reflective electrode with textured surface (ZnO/Ag/Al) and the stacked structure with multiple band gaps, tonamely glass/TCO/p1i1n1/p2i2n2/p3i3n3/ZnO. Structure /Ag/Al. The textured TCO film and multi-layer rear reflective electrode reduce the light reflection and transmission loss and increase the light propagation distance in the i-layer, thereby increasing the light absorption in the i-layer. In the multiple bandgap structure, the bandgap width of layer i decreases sequentially from the light incident direction. In order to absorb sunlight in sections, the purpose of broadening the spectral response and improving the conversion efficiency is achieved. In terms of improving the efficiency of tandem cells, gradient bandgap designs, microcrystalline doping layers in tunnel junctions, etc. are also used to improve carrier collection.

In order to obtain thin-film silicon-based solar cells with high efficiencyt high stability, microcrystalline and polycrystalline silicon thin film cells have appeared in recent years. Microcrystalline silicon films are prepared using high hydrogen dilution and boron doping techniques. There are two main polysilicon film manufacturing technologies: one is direct growth using PECVD technology or hot wire method; the other is to achieve low-temperature solid-phase crystallization by post-annealing of a-Si:H materials.

What will scientists use? What technical process is used to make plastic solar cells?

The method of manufacturing solar panels from disks is as follows:

Refining silicon rods into monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon; slicing and cleaning of silicon rods, i.e. deep processing; i.e. grinding andlinting Such as professional processing to become solar cells packaged into solar panels.

Monocrystalline silicon solar cells: The current photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells is about 15%, with the highest reaching 24%. This is currently the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency among all types of solar cells. but the production cost is so high that it cannot yet be used widely and generally in large quantities. Since monocrystalline silicon is typically encapsulated in tempered glass and waterproof resin, it is strong and durable, with a lifespan of typically up to 15 years and up to 25 years.

Polycrystalline silicon solar cells: The manufacturing process of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is similar to that of single crystal silicon solar cellsallin, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is much lower. 12% of production In terms of cost, it is cheaper than monocrystalline silicon solar cells, the materials are easy to manufacture, save energy, and the overall production cost is low, so it has been widely developed.

In addition, the lifespan of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is shorter than that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells. In terms of performance-price ratio, monocrystalline silicon solar cells are slightly better. A solar panel is a power generation material that uses solar energy to convert electrical energy.

Over the next 30 years, scientists will use plastic nanotechnology to develop a new generation of solar cells. Like a regular battery, this battery has two electrodes at both ends. Its thickness is as thin as a hair, but it can provide a voltage of 0.7 volts. The key is to first store solar energy in the battery, and then integrate it with the surface of the plastic film to create a solar energy production film. This type of solar power generation film has low cost and high conversion efficiency, and can be used in many applications. Scientists will also develop another process for coating titanium dioxide and a light-absorbing dye on the surface of a plastic film, then the dye molecules will use the absorbed light source to excite the titanium dioxide's electrons, emitting as well as electricity. This new type of solar cell will mainly be used in consumer electronic devices.

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