When we install photovoltaic panels, we usually determine the optimal tilt angle. The optimal tilt angle can improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels, thereby improving the efficiency of the solar power generation system.
First of all, let's understand what tilt is.
The tilt angle refers to the angle between the photovoltaic panel and the ground. The optimal tilt angle refers to the tilt angle that can maximize the absorption of solar energy. The optimal tilt angle can maximize the time that sunlight directly hits the photovoltaic panel, allowing more solar radiation to be radiated onto the panel.
As shown in the figure:
Therefore, during engineering design, photovoltaic system designers will calculate the optimum tilt anglel to ensure that the annual energy production of photovoltaic panels reaches the maximum. However, the optimal tilt angle of photovoltaics will be affected by various conditions. To determine the optimal tilt angle of photovoltaics, the following factors should be considered:
1. . Geographic Location:Different geographic locations have different solar altitudes and azimuth angles, so the optimal tilt angles are also different. ——The optimal tilt angles of Harbin, Nanjing and Hainan are of course different.
2. Seasonal Changes:The solar altitude angle and azimuth angle are also different in different seasons, so the optimal tilt angle should be adjusted depending on the season. – This only concerns photovoltaic panels with tracking capabilities. If it is an installationis fixed, the calculation of the optimal tilt angle does not necessarily have to take seasonal effects into account.
3. Photovoltaic panel materials and types:Different photovoltaic panel materials and types also have different requirements for the optimal tilt angle. For example, double-sided and single-sided photovoltaic panels. The side photovoltaic panels are. The difference is that double panels must accept solar energy reflected from the ground.
4. Weather conditions:The impact of weather conditions on photovoltaic power generation should also be considered, such as temperature, wind speed, humidity, etc. Different weather conditions have a great impact on photovoltaic power generation, so calculating the optimal tilt angle should also take into account the characteristics of thelocal weather conditions.
In engineering practice, how do photovoltaic system designers typically calculate the optimal photovoltaic tilt angle? There are currently three popular methods in China, namely the empirical method, the analytical method and the numerical method.
l? Empirical method? This method is that the optimal tilt angle of photovoltaics under different latitudes is the local latitude plus 5°-10°, different latitudes. The range correction method is as follows:
l? Analytical method? For the azimuth angle of a fixed photovoltaic field, the relationship between the intensity of the radiation received by the photovoltaic field and the inclination angle is obtained using the calculation formula. This method is less practical when the azimuth angle is uncertain.
l?Numerical method?By calculating the radiussolar energy received by the photovoltaic field at different azimuth angles and tilt angles. The resistance values are compared to obtain the best azimuth and tilt angles. There are many calculation methods for this method, which can be understood as a continuous optimization problem
One-click calculation of the optimal tilt angle is currently used by the big data platform Xihe Energy (xihe -energy.com) There are two methods:
The first: empirical method. When the user selects the photovoltaic planning and construction location on the map, the system automatically generates the optimal tilt angle.
This angle is based on the empirical method, based on the latitude of the area, to generate the amount of radiation in the area in an interval of plus or minus 20°, in which the inclination and l azimuth angle corresponding to theThe maximum radiation intensity is optimal.
The second type: the platform is based on the empirical method and combines the historical lighting data of the last 10 years to calculate the optimal tilt and orientation angle. By automatically optimizing the tilt/orientation angle and taking into account the weather data characteristics of the area, a more scientific and reasonable design angle can be obtained.
In short, determining the optimal tilt angle can improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels, thereby improving the efficiency of the solar power generation system.
Requirements for installation angle of solar glass tubes
The answers for calculating the angle of solar water heaters are as follows:
1. The solar installation angle is based on national standards. Technical specifications for theApplication of solar water heating systems in civil buildings are confirmed
2. The tilt angle of the sensor must be consistent with the local latitude; ;
3. If the system is focused on summer use, its tilt angle should be local latitude minus 10 degrees
4. the tilt angle should be the local latitude plus 10 degrees.
The installation angle of the solar glass tube should be within the optimal angle range to collect solar energy. The optimal installation angle of solar glass tubes depends on local location and season. In the northern hemisphere, the installation angle of solar glass tubes is generally adjusted to the same angle as the geographic latitude, that is, inclined along the great arc of the earth, in order to maximize the reception of radiation solar. For the installation of solar water heaters, it is generally recommended that the tube installation angle of vsolar error is between 20 and 50 degrees. Of course, the recommended angle is not fixed. The actual installation angle should also be adjusted appropriately taking into account factors such as different geographical situations, climatic conditions, seasons, etc. During the installation process, you should evaluate the specific local conditions and find the best installation angle to ensure the best performance and thermal efficiency of the solar water heater, thereby providing a more comfortable and environmentally friendly hot water supply. 'environment.