Current semiconductor materials for solar cells mainly include silicon, cadmium telluride and copper indium gallium selenide.
Silicon is the most commonly used solar cell material, mainly divided into three types: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon. Monocrystalline silicon solar cells have high conversion efficiency and good stability, but the cost is high; polycrystalline silicon solar cells have a relatively low cost, but the conversion efficiency is slightly lower than that of amorphous silicon solar cells which have the advantage of being thin and flexible; , but the conversion efficiency The efficiency is relatively low.
Cadmium telluride is also a common material for solar cells with high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.high costs and a relatively low cost. However, it contains heavy metal elements and has a certain impact on the environment. Copper indium gallium selenide is a new type of solar cell material with high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability, and at the same time relatively low cost, and has great development potential.
Advantages of solar cells
1. Eco-friendly and clean energy: Solar cells use sunlight to convert into electrical energy. Clean, non-polluting energy does not produce pollutants like fossil fuels and is environmentally friendly.
2. Renewable Energy: Solar energy is an inexhaustible source of renewable energy. Therefore, solar cells have long-term durability and stability and can ensure energy supply.
3. Low Maintenance Cost: Once the solar cells are installed, the maintenance cost is very low. There is no need for fuel supply or complex mechanical maintenance. Regular cleaning of the surface is enough to maintain the light. efficiency.
4. Wide application: Solar cells can be used in various fields, such as spacecraft, power systems, transportation facilities, buildings, etc., and can meet the electricity demand in different fields.
What are the main materials of solar panels
Monocrystalline silicon cellsandPolycrystalline silicon cells< strong> There is not much difference, their longevity and stability are excellent.
Although the average conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon cells is about 1% higher than that of cpolycrystalline silicon cells, since monocrystalline silicon cells can only be made into squares (the four sides are arc-shaped), when compounded when using solar panels, part of the area will not be filled with polysilicon, so there is no such problem.
Crystalline silicon modules: The success rate of a single module is relatively high. Under the same floor space, the installed capacity is higher than that of thin-film modules.
However, the components are heavy and fragile, have poor high temperature performance, poor low light performance, and high annual attenuation rate.
The main material of solar panels is monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon wafers.
The photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells is approx.iron 18%, with the highest reaching 24%. This is the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency among all types of solar cells. But the production cost is so high that it is not yet widely available. Since the monocrystalline silicon panel is encapsulated in tempered glass and waterproof resin, it is strong and durable and has a lifespan of up to 25 years.
The manufacturing process of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is similar to that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is much lower, and its conversion efficiency photoelectric is about 16%. In terms of production cost, it is cheaper than monocrystalline silicon solar cells. The material is easy to manufacture, saves energy, and the overall production cost is low, so it hasbeen widely developed.
Application fields of solar panels:
1. User Solar Power Supply: Small power supply ranging from 10-100W, used in remote areas without electricity such as plateaus, islands, pastoral areas, border posts and other daily life electricity military and civil such as lighting, television, tape recorders, etc., power generation system connected to 3-5 kW domestic roof grid, photovoltaic water pump: solve the problem of deep drinking water well and irrigation in areas without electricity.
2. Transportation field: such as navigation beacon lights, road/railroad signal lights, warning/signal lights, Yuxiang street lights, high-altitude obstacle lights, highway wireless telephone booths /railroads, road changes sans monitoring. food, etc.
3. Communication/communication field: unattended solar microwave relay station, optical cable maintenance station, broadcasting/communication/paging power system, rural operator telephone photovoltaic system, small communication machine, power supply Soldier GPS, etc.
4. In the fields of petroleum, oceans and meteorology, cathodic protection solar energy systems for oil pipelines and reservoir valves, emergency and emergency power supplies for oil drilling platforms, detection equipment oceans, meteorological/hydrological observation. equipment, etc
5. Lighting power supply: such as garden lights, street lights, portable lights, camping lights, climbing lights, fishing lights, black light lights, rubber tapping lightscabbage, energy-saving lamps, etc.