New materials refer to structural materials with excellent properties and functional materials with special properties that have been recently developed or are under development. Structural materials mainly use their mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, hardness and elasticity.
Such as new ceramic materials, amorphous alloys (metallic glass), etc. Functional materials mainly use their electrical, optical, acoustic, magnetic, thermal and other physical functions and effects. In recent years, the new materials researched and developed in the world mainly include new metal materials, fine ceramics and optical fibers, etc.
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Energy materials mainly include solar cell materialss, hydrogen storage materials, solid oxide battery materials, etc. Solar cell materials are new energy materials. Multilayer composite solar cells developed by IBM have a conversion rate of up to 40%.
Hydrogen is a non-polluting, efficient and ideal source of energy. The key to using hydrogen is storing and transporting hydrogen. About 50% of all hydrogen energy research funds from the U.S. Department of Energy are used for hydrogen. storage technology.
Hydrogen corrodes general materials, causing embrittlement and hydrogen leakage, and is also prone to explosion during transportation. The hydrogen storage method of hydrogen storage materials is to combine with hydrogen to form hydride, which can be heated when used. necessary A material that bindsbears hydrogen and can continue to be charged with hydrogen after its release. Hydrogen storage materials are mainly metal compounds. Such as LaNi5H, Ti1.2Mn1.6H3, etc.
Research on solid oxide fuel cells is very active. The key lies in battery materials, such as solid electrolyte membranes and battery cathode materials, as well as organic proton exchange membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.