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On April 23, Beijing time, according to foreign media, the latest study shows that 20% of the world's large marine life may disappear in the next 100 years. British scientists say large marine organisms are most threatened by climate change and 20% of the planet's large marine organisms are expected to become extinct by 2120. Large marine organisms are reported to include: sharks, whales, polar bears, sea turtles, emperor penguins, etc. They play an important role in the marine ecosystem. They mainly feed on smaller organisms and transmit them to the ecosystemmarine teme through the process. nutrient excrement and carcasses, and some large marine organisms will migrate long distances, playing a certain role in the balance of the marine ecosystem.
British scientists say large marine organisms are most at risk from climate change. It is estimated that 20% of the planet's large marine organisms will become extinct by 2120. Large marine life is reported to include: sharks, whales, polar bears, sea turtles, emperor penguins, etc.
Generally, marine macroorganisms are those that weigh more than 45 kilograms. They are directly threatened by human activities and climate change. Threatened large marine organisms will gradually disappear and lose their functional diversity, which will affect the normal functioning of the marine ecosystem.
Dr. John Griffin, co-author of the research reportt from Swansea University in the United Kingdom, said that if large marine organisms continue to disappear, the terrestrial environment will lose its unique ecological functions. A warning, warns that we must act now to reduce increasing human pressures on large marine life, including climate change, while promoting the recovery of biological populations.
To better understand the impending extinction of large marine life, the researchers collected a dataset based on the characteristics of all known large marine life, including a total of 334 species. They then simulated two biological extinction scenarios: one involved analyzing each species' threatened status according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and speculating on the likelihood that the species would become extinct by 100 years old; the other was to assume that all endangered species wereendangered ; species would disappear.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List is the world's most comprehensive list of the conservation status of the world's biological species. If current trends continue, it is estimated that humanity could lose almost 20% of the great oceans here. the next 100 years. This is equivalent to the loss of 11% of Earth's "ecological niche", which refers to the set of ecological functions that a species fulfills within a population.
If all currently threatened species disappeared, we would ultimately lose 40% of large marine species and 48% of ecological niches. The analysis shows that sharks may be the most seriously affected marine life and that their impact on marine ecological niches cannot be filled by other species.
Since only a small number of large marine organisms are currently extincts, humans still have time to save endangered species and fragile marine ecosystems. Lead researcher Dr Catarina Pimiento from Swansea University said: “Previous research has shown that large marine life experienced an unusual period of extinction as sea levels fluctuated millions ago of years. , and now their unique and diverse ecological roles face greater threats from humans. "
When it comes to species extinction, the question researchers hope to answer is whether there are other species that can play a similar ecological role. Therefore, the The research team also proposed a new metric to measure the importance of large, threatened marine organisms to ecological functional diversity.
First, they compiled a dataset of all large marine organisms. known forunderstand the extent of their ecological functions in marine systems, such as what they eat and how far they migrate. They then simulated future species extinction scenarios and the potential impact of species loss on biological functional diversity. The resulting index was called “FUSE” and aimed to provide information on biological conservation priorities.
The highest level FUSE organisms include: green sea turtles, dugongs, sea otters, as well as giant clams and Julian's goldenrod. Refocusing on these high-scoring FUSE organisms will help ensure that the ecological functions of large organisms are functioning properly. marine life is preserved. This latest research report was published in the journal Science Advances.
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