The first things to die are creatures living on the equator, as these are creatures that like tropical environments. The first thing that happens on earth after the sun disappears is that the temperature drops, and the drop is very rapid. In just one week, the land All lands on earth will become as cold as winter, and equatorial creatures that have never experienced snow will quickly perish. Because there is no sun, 90% of the plants on earth will soon disappear. they are small. After that, other surviving creatures will suffocate to death due to lack of oxygen. Human beings are not immune. The last creatures to disappear or the creatures likely to survive are certain creatures living in deep sea craters. a few years of solar time, the oceans are all frozen.
We always say that the sun is the foundation of all things. Without thee sun, there would be no vibrant earth. However, a recent study suggests that stars do not appear to be necessary for the emergence of life.
Such an idea may seem a bit bold, but it is by no means scientific nonsense. In fact, we can only find evidence of it within our solar system.
Friends who often read my articles should know that in the minds of scientists, the celestial body in the solar system most likely to give rise to extraterrestrial life is by no means the Moon or Mars, but several satellites of the solar system - Jupiter Enceladus, Enceladus and Titan.
Titan's situation here is quite special. There may be a large number of lakes of organic matter on its surface. Although it is liquid, the temperature is very low. If it can generate life, it may be another form of life, which is not the same as life on earth.
But Europa and Enceladus are different If they actually give rise to life, even if they are different, they can have a form similar to life on Earth. Because what they have is an ocean made of liquid water like the earth.
Because they are so far from the sun, the surface temperatures of Europa and Enceladus are very low, with the highest temperature being well below -100. If you approach these two satellites, you will see a frozen world without life. However, beneath their surface lie underground liquid oceans that may even contain more water than Earth.
How can a satellite with such a cold surface have a suitable subsurface temperature?
Indeed, during their revolution, they will be subject to changes in the tidal forces provided by the planet. This tidal force continually stretches and compresses materials inside the satellite, forcing these materialsrials to always maintain a certain amount of energy, which eventually converts the energy into heat and dissolves the groundwater ice.
Under the same energy, lava from deeper depths can also erupt onto the seafloor, forming seafloor hydrothermal fluids. This hydrothermal fluid contains chemicals that can be converted into energy by certain special organisms, thereby supporting the survival of life. There are such underwater creatures on the seabed of our earth.
You will find that according to this mechanism, these creatures do not need sunlight to appear and live well.
So, is it possible that the same mechanism also occurs on exo-satellites?
The answer is yes, or we currently find no reason to overturn such speculations. It is true that there can be such exomoons around exoplanes.tes with host stars. Since sunlight is not needed, even a rogue planet without a host star can provide energy to its own satellites, serving as collateral to nourish life.
It is true that it is more difficult to give birth to life in this way than to give birth to life on earth. But if the base is large enough, even an unlikely event can actually happen. So how many rogue planets are there in the Milky Way?
Speaking of which, finding rogue planets is indeed very difficult. The exoplanets discovered so far are mainly based on their interactions with their host stars. For rogue planets, such methods will not work. Additionally, they do not emit light themselves, making them even more difficult to observe.
Currently, a more feasible method is the microgravitational lensing effectit is produced by rogue planets, which use their mass to distort the light of distant celestial bodies and thus be discovered by us. According to existing research, scientists believe that there are many rogue planets in the Milky Way. If their mass is to be similar to that of Jupiter, then their number should be similar to the number of stars, at least 100 billion!
Although we have not actually observed exo-satellites around these rogue planets, given the widespread existence of satellites in the solar system, it is reasonable for us to speculate on the existence of “rogue planet satellites”. The next question is: what conditions must such a satellite meet to achieve the extremely improbable event of giving rise to life?
Patricio Javier Ávila, an astronomer at the University of Concepcion in Chile, recently led a team of scientists tor conduct a simulation with the aim of discovering the possibility of life.
They set that the mass of the rogue planet must reach the level of Jupiter, that is, it must be a gas giant. The satellites surrounding it must also meet relatively difficult conditions, such as having a mass similar to that of Earth and having their own atmosphere. At the same time, 90% of the atmosphere consists of carbon dioxide and 10% of hydrogen.
Why these two gases? The first is that they are relatively simple, notably hydrogen, which is very abundant in the universe. Secondly, under the influence of cosmic radiation, they have the ability to produce chemical reactions and form water. In this case, the amount of water that could be produced would be 1/10,000 of that of Earth's oceans, but the amount present in the atmosphere would be 100 times higher than the atmosphere terrest. According to the researchers' analysis, this content is sufficient to generate life.
How to keep this water in a liquid state is the key to the problem. The first is the high carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, which can produce a greenhouse effect and minimize global heat loss. And a planet as huge as Jupiter next to it will also provide strong tidal forces to this exomoon, which is the main source of energy for keeping the water warm. In this case, exoplanets can have stable liquid water.
Although this condition is indeed a bit harsh, at least the probability is not 0, which is good.
The researchers highlighted in the article: "The emergence of water on the surface of exoplanets, combined with the effect of the atmosphere to keep it above the melting point, provides a basis for the progress of the pre- With these guarantees, if the parameters of the orbit canalso be stabilized under conditions that ensure that tidal forces can continue to warm, as long as water can form it can remain liquid throughout the evolution of the system, creating an excellent. environment conducive to the emergence of life."
Such discoveries have brought life to places we initially thought impossible, and increased the possibility of life in the Milky Way. C This is undoubtedly good news for us
At the same time, it can also give us a "reference". in the future, maybe we can take Jupiter with us to wander...