The biological pump, also known as the organic carbon pump, is based on the biologically mediated deposition of C from the surface to deep-sea and ocean-floor sedimentary environments. It includes a series of processes such as production, consumption, sedimentation and decomposition. Organisms act as a "channel" in this process.
Primarily, autotrophic organisms such as phytoplankton absorb CO2 and convert inorganic carbon into organic matter, which enters through processes such as mixing physics, transport and gravity sedimentation. . Storage in sedimentary environment. For example, phytoplankton are fed by filter-feeding shellfish to form calcium carbonate shells (shells), which creates a "ballast" effect, enhances the biological pump process, promotes C deposition, and ultimately mineralizes and sequesters C in the environmentsedimentary. .Solubility pump:
The “microbial carbon pump” (microbial carbon pump, MCP) is an important biological carbon pump. It mainly uses dissolved COD to be modified by microorganisms. transformation, through a series of physical and chemical processes to form inert dissolved DOC, which is stored for a long time in the ocean and plays a role in C sequestration. Since dissolved organic matter makes up about 89% of the total organic matter in the ocean, MCP plays a very important role in ocean carbon sequestration. Especially in estuaries and shallow seas, the biological pump is seriously weakened due to the impact of resuspension, and MCP involved in the marine microfood cycle plays an irreplaceable role [27]. In some areas of the South China Sea, primary productivity provided by micro- and nanoplankton canreach 60% of the total [28, 29]. Since there is no change in chemical balance in the MCP process, it has the advantage of not causing ocean acidification.
The solubility pump is a process of physical exchange of C mediated by physical processes, such as heat flow, vortices, diffusion, etc. The driving force comes from the slow circulation of the ocean and the higher solubility of CO2. in cold water than in lukewarm water. In high-latitude seas, particularly in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean, cold, dense water masses absorb atmospheric CO2 before sinking into the ocean interior, which is balanced by the upwelling in other maritime areas. When rising seawater reaches the ocean surface, it warms and the solubility of CO2 decreases. Therefore, some CO2 will be released into the atmosphere, but the overall effect will be to pump CO2 out of the atmosphere.than towards the interior of the ocean.
Classmate, are you from Xiamen University? Let's take the exam tomorrow. . .
(1) The surface of carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid. The equation is: CO2+H2O=H2CO3. Carbonic acid is acidic and acidifies seawater.
(2) Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Carbon dioxide is dissolved in water and absorbed. Although it causes ocean acidification, it can prevent the greenhouse effect caused by CO2.
(3) The main component of the coral exoskeleton is calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate can react with carbon dioxide and water to form soluble calcium bicarbonate, which will slowly dissolve the exoskeletons of these organisms, thereby affecting the life activities of these creatures, this will modify the biological chain of origin of the ocean and will even disrupt the balance of the marine ecosystem.