Disadvantages of photovoltaic energy production
1. Low conversion efficiency
The conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation refers to the efficiency of converting light energy into electrical energy. At present, the conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells is 13-17%, while the conversion efficiency of amorphous silicon photovoltaic cells is only 6-8%. Officially, because the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low, the power density of photovoltaic power generation is also very low, which makes it difficult to form a high-power power generation system. Low photoelectric conversion efficiency is an important factor hindering the development of photovoltaic power generation.
2. This can only work during the day.
Energy productionPhotovoltaic energy can only produce electricity when there is light. Therefore, photovoltaic power generation can only produce electricity during the day and cannot. produce electricity at night. Most of our usual electricity consumption takes place at night, the operating characteristics of photovoltaic energy production do not match our lifestyle habits.
3. Strongly affected by climate environment
Long-term rain, snow, cloudy days, foggy days and even cloud changes will affect photovoltaic power generation. No debris should block the solar cell plates. Once there is, the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation will be significantly reduced.
4. Strong regional dependence
Due to different geographical locations and different climates, resources areolars vary considerably depending on the region. Photovoltaic energy production systems will only be effective if they are applied in areas with abundant solar energy resources.
5. Low energy density
Although the total energy of the sun irradiating the earth is extremely huge, because the earth's surface is also very large, and most of the earth's surface is covered by the ocean , it can actually reach the earth. Solar energy at the surface reaches only about 10% of the radiated energy reaching the earth, resulting in less solar energy that can be directly obtained per unit area. The maximum solar irradiation at the Earth's surface is about 1.2 kWh/m, and most areas of the Earth are less than 1 kWh/m. Photovoltaic power generation is actually the collection and use of low density solar energy.
6. Large areaon the ground
Due to the low energy density of solar energy, photovoltaic energy production will occupy a large area. 10 kW photovoltaic power generation requires approximately 100 m². the average electricity generation per square meter is about 100W. With the maturity and development of building-integrated photovoltaic power generation technology, more and more photovoltaic power generation systems can use the roofs and facades of buildings and structures, which will gradually overcome the problem of the large footprint of photovoltaic energy production.
7. The cost of the whole system is very high.
Cost is the most important factor limiting the widespread application of photovoltaic power generation. The cost of photovoltaic energy production is several times higher. thermal energy production and energy production hhydroelectric. The high cost of the system is mainly due to the photovoltaic components. However, with the updating and iteration of technology, it is only a matter of time before the cost of components decreases. Solar panels currently on the market cost around 4 yuan per watt, and this price will be even lower in the future.
8. The manufacturing process of crystalline silicon batteries is very polluting and energy-intensive.
The main raw material of crystalline silicon batteries is pure silicon. Extracting pure crystalline silicon from sand (silica) requires multiple chemical and physical processes, which not only consume a lot of energy, but also cause some environmental pollution.