Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses the photovoltaic effect at the semiconductor interface to directly convert light energy into electrical energy.
The main principle of photovoltaic power generation is the photoelectric effect of semiconductors. When a photon irradiates a metal, all of its energy can be absorbed by an electron in the metal. The energy absorbed by the electron is large enough to overcome the Coulomb force inside the metal atom to do work, escape from the metal surface and become. a photoelectron.
Silicon atoms have 4 outer electrons. If atoms with 5 outer electrons, such as phosphorus atoms, are doped with pure silicon, they become an N-type semiconductor; if 3 atoms are doped with pure silicon, the atoms; with external electrons, such as boron atoms, form a semi-coP-type inductor. When P and N types are combined, a potential difference is formed at the contact surface, becoming a solar cell. When sunlight hits the P-N junction, current flows from the P-type side to the N-type side, forming an electric current.
Advantages and disadvantages of photovoltaic energy production
1. Advantages
1. Compared to commonly used thermal energy production systems, photovoltaics. electricity production No risk of exhaustion.
2. Safe and reliable, no noise, no polluting emissions, absolutely clean (no pollution).
3. It is not limited by the geographic distribution of resources and can take advantage of building roofs, such as areas without electricity and areas with complex terrain.
4. It can generate electricity locally without consuming fuel or erecting transmission lines.
5. Hauyour energy quality.
6. The construction period is short and the time spent on obtaining energy is short.
2. Disadvantages
1. The energy distribution density of irradiation is low, which means it occupies a huge area.
2. The energy obtained is related to the four seasons, day and night, cloudy and sunny and other weather conditions.
3. Compared to thermal power generation, the cost of generators is currently high.
4. The manufacturing process of photovoltaic panels is not environmentally friendly.
Advantages of solar energy production:
1: Solar energy is inexhaustible and the solar radiation energy received by the Earth's surface is enough to meet the current global energy demand of 10,000. times. As long as solar power is installed in 4% of the planet's deserts, the world's needs cannt be satisfied.
2; Safe and reliable, and unaffected by energy crises and fuel market instability
3: Solar energy can be obtained anywhere and there is no need to transport it over long distances , thus avoiding the loss of long distance transmission lines.
4: No fuel is required and the operating cost is very low
5: The production of solar energy has no moving parts and is not easily damaged, easy to maintain
6: The process of producing solar energy is not easy to produce. It is waste pollutant and is ideal clean energy.
7: The solar power generation system has a short construction period, is convenient and flexible, and can be used according to the load. Increase or decrease, add or reduce solar energy. tables at will to avoid waste