Yes, but electricity production will be less than when there is enough sunlight. The main factors that affect the output performance of solar cell modules are: load impedance; temperature and shade from the sun;
Principle of power generation:
Solar cell is a device that responds to light and can convert light energy into electricity. There are many types of materials that can produce photovoltaic effects, such as: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, copper selenium indium, etc. Their principles of energy production are basically the same. Today, crystalline silicon is used as an example to describe the photovoltaic power production process. Crystalline P-type silicon is doped with phosphorus to obtain N-type silicon, forming a P-N junction.
When light irradiates the surface of the solar cell, part of the photons are absorbed by the silicon material; the energy of the photons is transferred to the silicon atoms, causing the electrons to transition and become free electrons. accumulate on both sides of the P-N junction to form a potential difference, when the external circuit is connected, under the action of this voltage, a current will flow through the external circuit to generate a certain output power. The essence of this process is: the process of converting photon energy into electrical energy.
Detailed information:
Advantages of solar energy:
1. Universal: The sun shines on the whole earth, without geographical restrictions, no matter land or sea, no matter mountains or islands, are available everywhere, pecan be directly developed and used, are easy to collect, and do not require mining or transportation.
2. Harmless: The development and use of solar energy will not pollute the environment. It is one of the cleanest sources of energy today, while environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious.
3. Huge: The energy from solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface each year is equivalent to about 130 trillion tons of coal. Its total quantity is the largest energy that can be developed in the world today.
4. Long term: Based on estimates of the rate of nuclear energy produced by the sun, hydrogen storage is enough to last tens of billions of years, and life on Earth is also around billions. of years. In this sense, we can say that the energy of the sun is inexhaustible.
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What does photovoltaic solar energy production mean and how to understand the principle?
The solar energy conversion form:
1. Conversion of light to heat
The conversion of solar radiation energy into thermal energy through a conversion device belongs to the technology of solar thermal energy utilization and energy reuse thermal energy to generate electricity, called solar thermal power generation, also belongs to this technical field.
2. Photochemical conversion
Including semiconductor electrodes to generate electricity and electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, using thermal decomposition of calcium hydroxide or metal oxide for storing energy, etc.
3. Photoelectric conversion
The conversion and direct use of solar energy and electrical energy. The conversion ofe energy from solar radiation into electrical energy through a conversion device belongs to photovoltaic solar power generation technology.The device generally uses the principle of photovoltaic effect of semiconductor devices to carry out photoelectric conversion . It is therefore also called solar photovoltaic technology.
Technical principle
Solar radiation energy is generated by the fusion of hydrogen and helium inside the sun to release enormous nuclear energy. Most of the energy needed by humans comes directly or indirectly from the sun. Plants release oxygen, absorb carbon dioxide and convert solar energy into chemical energy and store it in the plant body through photosynthesis.
Fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas are also primary energy sources formed byhe evolution of ancient plants and animals buried underground over a long geological period. The energy contained in the earth itself generally refers to the energy related to the thermal energy inside the earth and the energy related to the nuclear reaction.
The average intensity of solar radiation in Earth's orbit is 1,369 w/㎡. The equatorial circumference of the Earth is 40,076 kilometers, so it can be calculated that the energy obtained by the Earth can reach 173,000 TW. The standard maximum intensity at sea level is 1 kW/m2, and the 24-hour average annual radiation intensity at a certain point on the Earth's surface is 0.20 kW/m2, which is equivalent at 102,000 TW of energy.
Solar cell components are the essential components of solar power generation systems that convert light energy into electrical energy. Solar cells are the key components of these components.sentimental. Solar energy is a kind of radiant energy. , which must rely on It can be converted into electrical energy by an energy converter. This energy converter which converts light energy into electrical energy is a solar cell. The basis of the principle of silicon solar cells is the photovoltaic effect of the PN junction of the semiconductor. It is an effect whereby when an object is exposed to light, the state of charge distribution in the object changes and generates an electromotive force and current. When sunlight or other light irradiates the PN junction of a semiconductor, a voltage appears on both sides of the PN junction. This phenomenon is called photovoltage, which is the famous photovoltaic effect. If the PN junction is shorted, a current occurs. be generated. As we all know, atoms of matter are composed of nuclei and electrons. The nuclei are positively charged and theelectrons are negatively charged. The electrons orbit the nucleus in a certain orbit, just like the planets orbit the sun. The atoms of monocrystalline silicon are arranged according to certain rules. The outermost electronic shell of silicon contains 4 electrons.
The outer electrons of each atom have a fixed position and are bound by the nucleus. When excited by external energy, such as solar radiation, they break away from the chains of the atomic nucleus and become free electrons, while leaving free space in their original place, the so-called " hole” in semiconductor physics. . Since electrons are negatively charged, holes appear to be positively charged. Electrons and holes are charges that can move in single crystal silicon. In a pure silicon crystal, the number of free electrons and holes is equal. If the silicon crystal is dopedwith impurities such as boron, aluminum, gallium and indium that can capture electrons, it will form a hole-type semiconductor, or P-type semiconductor for short. If the silicon crystal is doped with impurity elements such as phosphorus, arsenic or antimony which can release electrons. It then forms an electronic semiconductor, called an N-type semiconductor. As when these two semiconductors are combined, a PN junction forms at the interface due to the diffusion of electrons and holes, and a field Integrated electric field, also known as barrier electric field, forms on both sides of the junction. . Since the resistance here is particularly high, it is also called a barrier layer. When sunlight illuminates the PN junction, the atoms of the semiconductor release electrons due to obtaining light energy and, as a result, electron-hole pairs are generated.rees. Under the action of the barrier electric field, electrons are directed toward the N-type region and holes are directed toward the P-type region, resulting in an excess of electrons in the N-type region. There are excess holes in the P-type region. As a result, a photogenerated electric field opposite the barrier electric field strength is formed near the PN junction.
Part of the photogenerated electric field compensates for the barrier electric field, and the remaining part charges the P-type region positively. The N-type region is negatively charged; thus, the thin layer between the N-type region and the P-type region generates an electromotive force, that is, a photovoltaic electromotive force. When the external circuit is connected, electrical energy will be produced. This is the basic principle of power generation by PN junction contact monocrystalline silicon solar cells. If dozens orHundreds of solar cells are connected in series or parallel, output power from tens of watts to more than two hundred watts can be obtained to form a solar cell module. The solar cell module is then connected in series or parallel to form. a solar cell. The square array of batteries can produce enough power for charging.