An expedition team unfortunately lost their lighter upon arriving in Antarctica during the warm season. She looked everywhere she could, but there was no trace of the lighter.
During the warm season in Antarctica, even though the sun never sets and always hangs in the sky, the temperature is actually around -10°C. Without fire, it is impossible to boil water for cooking and sustaining life; without fire, life will be in danger.
Explorers will not stand idly by and wait to die. The captain and a doctor of science began to study ways of lighting the fire. The captain said: "There is a novel in which the protagonist Robinson used fire on a remote island by igniting a tree with lightning. Unfortunately, there are too few opportunities for such accidental outside help."< /p>
“It’s too unreliable,” the doctor replied.
"We didn'tLet's not even have a telescope. If we had a telescope, we could remove the lens and make a fire." added the captain.
"Yes," replied the doctor, "it's a shame we don't have that thing . The sun's rays are very strong, and with a lens it will certainly burn the tinder. "
"What should we do? Doctor, it's all up to you. " said the captain.
"Why don't you..." said the doctor thoughtfully.
"What solution did you find?", the captain asked curiously.
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"But I don't know if it can succeed." The doctor said hesitantly.
"What did you find?" asked the captain. p>
“Don’t we have a goal? Let's make one ourselves."
"How to make one?" asked the captain.
"Use ice cubes to make it." The doctor said: “All we need is to focus the sunlight on one point. Using ice cubes can beas effective as using crystal. However, we need to choose a solid and relatively transparent piece."
The captain pointed to a piece of ice and said, "This piece of ice can meet your needs."
The doctor and the captain walked towards the piece of ice After making sure that it basically met the requirements, the captain called the others. The doctor ordered to cut a large piece of ice of about 0, 5 meter in diameter First, cut it flat with an ax, then cut it with a knife, and finally touch it with warm hands, slowly creating a smooth and transparent hemispherical "ice lens". doctor held the "ice lens" toward the sun, allowing the sunlight to pass through the "ice lens" and focus on a dry, fluffy tinder. After a while, a light trickle. green smoke came out of the tinder. After a while, a red spot appeared on it.tinder. In an instant, the tinder began to burn. The crisis finally passed and the expedition team returned to their work and normal life.
We often think that ice and fire are incompatible, but science allows us to use ice to obtain fire. Anything transparent has light passing through it, so very transparent ice won't absorb much sunlight itself and won't even convert it to heat, causing the temperature to rise and melt. And as the ice cube is transformed into a hemispherical lens, according to optical principles, the light passing through the ice cube converges. When the tinder is burned to a certain point, it absorbs a lot of heat, the temperature rises, and a flame ignites.
After careful research and investigation, I believe there are several feasible methods.
1. Use solar energy to heat water ice, then electrolyzewater to produce oxygen and hydrogen. But Mars only has a little ice at its poles, and it can't break down much oxygen. I fear that it does not even make up 1% of the atmosphere, and that it will be oxidized very quickly with other minerals. water, humans don't have to think about immigrating to Mars.
2. The most ideal way is to use plants to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. 95% of the Martian atmosphere is made up of carbon dioxide. Wouldn't it be more stable, more reliable, long-term and much more versatile if plants were used to convert it into oxygen? Over a long period, plants have transformed the Martian atmosphere. Plants can bind water and soil, plants can be eaten, and plants can form ecosystems and form an ecological chain of living things. But first it must provide suitable soil, temperature, light, humidity,etc., which is very annoying. The soil on Mars is very dry and contains toxins. Mars has long lost its magnetic field, the air is relatively thin, and the radiation is quite strong, which is very unfavorable for the survival of plants. Initially, I fear that it can only be used on a small scale in the residential base.
3. Use Martian soil to generate oxygen. According to the research of some scientists, the soil of Mars can produce oxygen through some special chemical reactions and special enzymes.
4. Use bacteria to produce oxygen. Some time ago, Dutch scientists discovered a magical bacteria that can break down nitrogen oxides into oxygen and survive in an oxygen-free environment.
5. First use a machine to absorb carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere, and then convert carbon dioxide into oxygen by electrolyse. Alternatively, oxygen can be generated by reacting carbon dioxide with sodium oxide, but this is not as practical as the first method and sodium oxide is more difficult to find on Mars .
But the prerequisite for transforming Mars into a habitable planet is to rotate Mars' core and restore the magnetic field. Otherwise there will be no magnetic field to protect Mars, the atmosphere will continue to be blown away by the wind. by the solar wind, and a large number of high-energy particles will do so. If the radiation reaches the surface of Mars, plants will not be able to survive, so even if they immigrate to Mars, they will only be able to live in a small, closed living room forever.