First came the generator, then the electric motor.
We now live in the age of electricity, and our lives and our production are inseparable from electricity. So, what came first to the world, the generator or the electric motor? Logically, there should be a generator first, then an electric motor, but this is not the case. Historically, the electric motor came first, then the generator came along. However, practical large-scale motors and generators are constantly being developed and continuously improved in pursuit of each other and mutual encouragement.
It should first be explained that the first electricity used by humans was not generated by generators, but by voltaic batteries.
Before the 19th century, understanding of electricity was limited. In 1821, the Danish physicist Oersted discovered the magnetic effect of electric current: a current-carrying wire moves in a magnetic field. This provided the theoretical basis for the invention of the electric motor. Oersted's experimental device is considered the most primitive electric motor. When this great discovery was first exposed, someone once asked disdainfully: What is this thing for? ! The scientist humorously asked: “What is a newborn baby for?” Indeed, the baby quickly became a giant.
In 1834, German physicist Jacobi used electromagnets as rotors and made the first practical direct current motor. In 1838, the American Tesla invented the alternating current motor. This motor has a simple structure, small size and easy to use. It is widely used in industrial and agricultural production.
From the perspective of energy conversion, an electric motor is a machine that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy.
The electric motor was invented and the widespread application of electricity was possible. However, at that time generators were all direct current, had a low capacity to provide electrical power, and were relatively expensive. Their use as a source of electrical energy had virtually no commercial value or practical significance. By 1850, electricity cost 25 times more than steam, prompting people to look for other sources of electricity. Scientists guessed, based on reverse thinking, that since electrical energy can be converted into kinetic energy, can kinetic energy be converted into electrical energy? To this end, scientists conducted bold experiments and a lot of practice.
Ten years after the discovery of the law of the magnetic effects of electric current, in 1831, the British physicist Faraday discovered the law of inductionelectromagnetic (when a wire moves to cut magnetic lines of force in a magnetic field, a current is generated in the wire), which forms the basis of electricity production. Machine manufacturing provides a theoretical basis. After taking the first difficult step, Faraday continued his research, and two months later he tested the first true generator capable of producing constant current, marking humanity's transition from the age of steam to the age of electricity.
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction made people aware of the possibility of converting kinetic energy into electrical energy and pointed the way to the manufacture of generators. Various generators began to appear and were constantly updated, and electric energy began to appear in large quantities and at low cost. Electric power began to dominate social lifeand economical as a new form of energy. Over the past 100 years, many modern forms of electricity generation have emerged, including wind power, hydropower, thermal power, geothermal power, tidal power, solar power, nuclear energy, etc. Generators have become more and more mature and their efficiency continues to improve, but fundamentally originalThe theory remains the same as that of Faraday's scientific experiments.
Bixy
In 1832, the Frenchman Bixy invented the manual DC generator. Its principle is to modify the magnetic flux by rotating the permanent magnet. It generates an induced electromotor. force in the coil and produces this electromotive force in the form of direct voltage;
In 1866, Siemens of Germany invented the self-excited DC generator;
In 1869, Belgian Gram made an annular armature and invented the ann armature generatorular. This type of generator uses hydraulic power to turn the generator rotor. After repeated improvements, it reached an output power of 3.2KW in 1847;
In 1882, Gordon of the United States produced a generator with an output power. of 447KW A giant two-phase generator with a height of 3 meters and a weight of 22 tonnes.
Detailed information:
Generators are widely used in industrial and agricultural production, national defense, science and technology and daily life. There are many forms of generators, but their operating principles are all based on the law of electromagnetic induction and the law of electromagnetic force. Therefore, the general principle of its construction is: using suitable magnetic and conductive materials to form magnetic circuits and circuits that conduct electromagnetic inductionetic between them to generate electromagnetic energy and achieve the goal of energy conversion.
Generator detection steps:
Step 1: Check for disconnections, connection errors or short circuits at the external conductor connection parts from the generator and use a voltmeter to measure. the voltage at point B+ No battery voltage.
Step 2: Turn the key door to the “open” position, but do not start the engine. At this time, use a voltmeter to measure whether there is voltage at point D+ and observe whether charging. the indicator light is bright.
Step 3: Start the engine and use a voltmeter to measure the voltage at point B+ of the engine. It should reach the following value.
Step 4: Turn on some loads, such as. as car headlights
Step 5: Turn on major electrical appliances such as air conditioners and car headlights
Reference documents:
Baidu Encyclopedia - Generator