Once a fire occurs, it can have very serious consequences. Therefore, we should all master some fire escape and self-rescue methods. compiled.
Common Fire Escape Methods
1 Fires that cannot be extinguished by water are:
①Alkali metals cannot be quenched by water. . Because the interaction between water and alkali metals such as potassium and sodium can cause water to decompose to generate hydrogen gas and release a large amount of heat, which can easily cause an explosion . ②Alkali metal carbonization and alkali metal hydride cannot be quenched with water. For example, potassium carbide, sodium carbide, aluminum carbide, calcium carbide, potassium hydride, and magnesium chloride can react chemically withcontact with water, releasing a large amount of heat, which can cause fires and explosions. ③ In principle, flammable liquids lighter than water and insoluble in water cannot be extinguished with water. ④Do not use water to extinguish molten iron or steel. Since the temperature of molten iron and steel is around 1600°C, water vapor can decompose into hydrogen and oxygen when it is above 1000°C, which presents a risk of explosion. ⑤ The three acids sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid cannot be extinguished with a strong flow of water. If necessary, water spray can be used to extinguish them. ⑥ Fires in high-voltage electrical equipment generally cannot be extinguished with water if there is no good grounding device or the power is not turned off.
2. How to use a dio fire extinguishercarbon oxide:
Remove the safety bolt first, then press the handle or turn the valve and aim. the nozzle at the root of the extinguishing flame.
Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher precautions: Wear gloves when using to prevent the panel from contacting the spray barrel and spray hose to avoid frostbite. When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher to extinguish an electrical fire, if the voltage exceeds 600 volts, you must first turn off the power and then extinguish the fire.
3. How to use a dry powder fire extinguisher:
The method of use is the same as a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, but it should be noted that before using a dry powder fire extinguisher , you must turn the extinguisher several times to loosen the dry powder in the cylinder. When using the ABC dry powder fire extinguisher to extinguishs solid fires, the fire extinguishing nozzle should be aimed at the most violent burning point, sprayed left and right, and the dry powder extinguishing agent should be sprayed evenly on the surface of the object on fire as much as possible until the fire is completely extinguished. Since the dry powder has little cooling effect, re-ignition must be avoided after the fire has been extinguished.
4. How to extinguish the fire after a household appliance catches fire:
① Immediately turn off the power, unplug the power plug, or turn down the main switch. the electrical appliance catches fire and smoke is found, after the power cut, the fire will go out. ② If combustible materials such as wire insulation and electrical box catch fire, you can use damp quilts and other coverings to smother and extinguish the fire. ③ Do not use water to extinguishignite a fire to prevent the television picture tube from exploding and causing injury to people. ④Do not connect to the power supply without repair to avoid electric shock or fire.
5. Computer Fire Rescue Methods:
If the computer catches fire, even if you turn off the machine or even unplug it, the components inside the machine will still be very hot and will always explode flames and produce a fire. Toxic gas, fluorescent display and picture tube can also be used. If the computer starts to smoke or catch fire, unplug or turn off the main power switch immediately, then cover the computer with a wet rug or quilt. This will not only prevent the spread of fireworks, but also block fluorescent glass shards. . Never pour water on a burning computer, even if it is turned off. Indeed, a sudden drop in temperaturere will burst the hot picture tube. Additionally, there will always be residual current in the computer and water splashing. may cause electric shock. Do not lift the lid to look. When extinguishing a fire, to prevent the picture tube from exploding and causing injury, approach the computer only from the side or rear.
6. To prevent fires at home, you must do the following:
1. Do not pull or connect power cords without authorization. ⑵. Do not throw away cigarette butts. ⑶. Do not smoke while lying down. ⑷.Do not light candles or read books under the mosquito net. ⑸. Do not burn debris and take effective fire prevention measures when lighting mosquito coils. ⑹. Do not store flammable and explosive objects. ⑺. Do not use high-power appliances such as rapid heating, cookerselectrics and air conditioners. Do not use electric blankets, substandard appliances and other appliances that may cause fires. ⑻. Do not use alcohol stoves or liquefied stoves to make fire for cooking. ⑼. Ask people to leave and turn off the power. If you smell metallic rubber paste, report it immediately and take action. ⑽ Keep desk lamps away from pillows and bedding.
7. Do not open doors and windows casually when a fire occurs:
Because air does not circulate properly when the doors and windows in the room are closed, and oxygen domestic supply is insufficient. Therefore, the fire grows slowly. Once the doors and windows are opened, a large amount of fresh air enters and the fire grows quickly, a large amount of smoke can enter. provoke feasily poisoning, suffocation and death. In addition, due to the convection effect of the air, the flame shoots out, so that in the event of a fire, doors and windows cannot be opened accidentally.
8. Fire escape methods:
Generally speaking, the main fire escape methods are: ①Using aerial fire trucks and hook ladders to evacuate escape together; ②Using building passages or escaping from facilities; building ; ③ Escape with self-made equipment; ④ Find a shelter to escape; ⑤ Save each other to escape; ⑥ Use fire-fighting equipment or other equipment around you to extinguish the fire and escape;
9. The correct way to put out a fire on your body:
Once your body is on fire, you must first remove your clothes toput out the fire or continue; the place to smother the fire. But don't scroll too fast and don't run. If there are water sources such as swimming pools and rivers nearby, you can quickly jump into the water or collect water from the nearest place in time to extinguish the fire on your body . But when your body is burned, you should be careful not to throw yourself into sewage to avoid infection.
10. In the event of a fire, ordinary elevators cannot be used for evacuation:
The reasons why ordinary elevators cannot be used for evacuation at the scene of the fire: Firstly, after a fire, it is often easy to lose power and "stuck" the elevator, which makes rescue work difficult and affects timely evacuation. Second, the elevator goes directly to all floors of the building. The smoke ofthe fire scene spills into the elevator passage, which can easily cause a "chimney effect". People in the elevator may be suffocated by the thick smoke and toxic gases. at any time and die of suffocation.
11. Self-rescue methods in case of fire evacuation:
a.By dressing, looking for money and delaying your precious escape, you must evacuate the safety passage , the safety exit and fire escape as soon as possible, do not run blindly or use the elevator to escape; leave the fire scene, dense encounter Do not walk upright when smoking, try to walk or crawl in a low posture, cover your mouth and nose with a damp towel to avoid being suffocated by smoke
c. The stairs caught fire, but they were not burned and the fire was not violent. If he is very violent, you can put on clothings or sheets soaked in water and quickly go down the stairs. When the stairs have burned and the fire is quite intense, you can use a rope or tear the sheets into strips and tie one end to a sturdy door, window or other heavy object, then drag the rope or strip from fabric. with caution for residents above the third floor.
d. When all escape routes are cut off, you should retire to the living room, take measures to prevent smoke and fire, close doors and windows, hose down the living room. doors and windows, and cover your mouth and nose with a damp towel, take personal protection, and at the same time wave luminous objects outside to use flashlights at night to send a distress signal . Once the clothes are burned during the escape, the person on fire may fall on the spot. Roll over to put out the flames on your corps, or let others help you put out the flames.
12. Evacuation methods for fire in the theater:
Choose the corresponding evacuation method according to different fire locations:
① When the stage is on fire , you need to get as close as possible to one end of the auditorium and take the opportunity to escape. ② In the event of a fire in the auditorium, you can use the various exits from the stage, the projection room and the auditorium to escape. ③In the event of a fire in the projection room, you can use the various exits from the stage and the auditorium to escape. ④ No matter where the fire breaks out, spectators upstairs can evacuate through the escape door and stairs.
In addition, you can also use local materials, curtains and other items to make your own rescue equipmentand open evacuation passages.
13. Evacuation methods in the event of a fire in a dance or karaoke room:
① Stay calm and identify the direction of the safe exit. ② Choose several ways to escape: if the dance hall is located on the ground floor, you can jump directly out of the window; if it is located on the second or third floor, you can grab the windowsill and slide down, letting your feet land first; if the dance hall is located in a high-rise building or underground buildings, you should refer to the fire escape methods of high-rise buildings or underground buildings to escape. ③If the escape route of the ballroom is blocked by fire and heavy smoke and auxiliary rescue facilities cannot be found for a period of time, the trapped people cannotWhile temporarily escaping to the weakest area of the fire, send for help, make a signal through the window and wait for help from the firefighters. ④Be careful to avoid poisoning when leaking. For example, wet your clothes with water and cover your mouth and nostrils. If you cannot find water for a while, you can use drinks instead. During evacuation operations, you should walk or crawl in a low posture to reduce smoke damage. human body.
The correct way to escape a fire is: stay calm and sound the fire alarm as soon as possible; use the tools around you to escape; a way to escape and wait for help; not running away when caught in a fire; there is a skill in jumping off buildings.
1. Stay calm and call the alarm immediatelyfire.
When the initial fire is small, you can use household fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and other tools to put it out. If the fire is already large and you need to evacuate quickly, close the fire. door to the room where the fire broke out before evacuating to prevent it from spreading quickly.
2. Use the tools around you to escape.
You can cover your nose and mouth with a damp towel, or put on a blanket sprinkled with water to escape if there are no facilities such as a high altitude descent device or lifeline; , and the safe passage is blocked. If rescuers cannot arrive in time, residents on lower floors can use ropes or sheets, curtains, clothes, etc. around them to make simple rescue ropes, wet them with water and slowly slide alongrope. from the window sill or balcony to the lower floor or floor.
3. There is no way to escape and wait for help.
If the door is hot when you touch it with your hand, once you open the door, flames and smoke will hit your face and the escape route will be cut off. At this point, a place of refuge can be created. First of all, doors and windows facing the fire should be closed tightly, and doors and windows facing away from the fire should be opened to ventilate the air.
Hide in a room with a window, bathroom or other room with easy access to water, pour water on the hot door and use a towel or cloth damp to seal the cracks in the door to prevent fireworks. to penetrate. It can also prevent fires in the house from being thrown. When a fire breaks out in a buildinge from a high height, do not use the elevator to escape. You can use balconies, window sills, roofs, etc. of the building to wait for help.
4. Don't run away when the fire hits you.
Because running or beating will create wind, which will speed up oxygen replenishment and intensify the fire. When your clothes catch fire, you must quickly remove your clothes or roll in place to put out the flames. It will be more effective if you can jump into the water in time or ask someone to pour water on you or spray fire extinguishing agent.
5. There is a skill for jumping buildings.
You can only choose to escape by jumping from a building when you have to wait for the firefighters to prepare a rescue air mattress and direct the jump, or when the ground is not not high. (generally belowe 4 floors) and other unavoidable circumstances. Jumping off a building also requires skill. When jumping from a building, you should try to jump in the middle of the air cushion or choose a direction with a swimming pool, soft canopy, grass, etc.
If possible, try to hold soft objects such as quilts and sofas or open a large umbrella and jump to slow the impact. If you jump from a building with your bare hands, you should grab the windowsill or balcony and let your body hang naturally to minimize the vertical distance. Before landing, you need to hold your head with your hands and bend your body into a ball. reduce injuries.