A solid-state battery is a battery that uses solid electrodes and solid electrolytes.
A solid state battery means that there is no liquid inside the battery and inorganic or organic polymer solids are used as the battery electrolyte . Solid-state lithium battery technology uses a glass compound composed of lithium and sodium as a conductive material to replace the electrolyte of previous lithium batteries, thereby significantly increasing the energy density of lithium batteries.
Solid-state batteries have the advantages of good safety, high energy density and high cycle performance; the disadvantages are high impedance and high cost. While the scientific community believes that lithium-ion batteries have reached their limits, solid-state batteries have been constunned in recent years as batteries that could succeed lithium-ion batteries.
Solid-state lithium battery technology uses a glass compound composed of lithium and sodium as the conductive material, replacing the electrolyte of previous lithium batteries and significantly improving the energy density of batteries lithium.
Advantages of solid-state batteries
1. High energy density, which can reach twice the energy density of current ternary lithium batteries for the same weight. , Get double the cruising range. For example, the semi-solid battery launched by Weilan New Energy has an energy density of 360 Wh/kg and can achieve a range of 1,000 kilometers on a single charge. All-solid-state batteries can achieve higher energy density, breaking the current limited energy density of bed batterieshium.
2. Good safety performance. Without the liquid electrolyte, there will be no electrolyte leak or internal short circuit. The solid electrolyte can also better inhibit lithium dendrites and has chemical and electrochemical stability for lithium metal sex. If high performance and a radical electrochemical system are required, lithium dendrites will also grow in the solid electrolyte under certain conditions, and there is a risk of internal short circuit.
The difference between solid-state batteries and lithium batteries
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Lithium-ion electrolytes with different energy densities are liquids and exist in the form of gels and polymers, making it difficult to reduce the weight of the battery. The electrolyte in lithium batteries is liquid, while the electrolyte in solid-state batteries is solid.
Lithium-ion batteries use an organic liquid electrolyte, which can be used under abnormal conditions such as overcharge and internal short circuit. Batteries tend to heat up easily, causing the electrolyte to swell, which can spontaneously ignite or even explode.
Solid-state batteries present the aadvantage of good security. Fluid electrolyte batteries are flammable and explosive, which can easily pose safety hazards. Solid electrolyte can inhibit lithium dendrites, is not easy to burn, is not easy to explode, has no electrolyte leakage, and will not cause side reactions at high temperatures.
Cause a short circuit
When working under high current, the diaphragm will not be pierced by the lithium dendrites and will not cause short circuit, and no side reactions will occur at high temperatures, there is no combustion due to gas generation, and the energy density is high. The energy density of liquid electrolyte batteries exceeding 500Wh/kg is considered impossible. With the all-solid electrolyte, the battery does not need to use lithium-embedded graphite negative electrodesm, but directly uses metallic lithium as the negative electrode. This can significantly reduce the amount of negative electrode material and significantly improve the overall energy density. battery.
The energy density that solid-state battery research and development can provide can basically reach 300-400 Wh/kg, and the service life is strong. Solid electrolyte solves the problem of solid electrolyte interface film and lithium dendrite phenomenon formed by liquid electrolyte during the charging and discharging process. It greatly improves the cycleability and lifespan of lithium batteries and can ideally reach around 45,000 times.