There are five types of new energy vehicle batteries, namely: lithium cobalt oxide batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, ternary lithium batteries and graphene batteries. Lead-acid batteries have low cost, good low temperature performance and high performance. Low energy density, short lifespan, large size and poor security. Nickel batteries have the advantages of low cost, mature technology, long life and good durability.
Which batteries are used in new energy vehicles?
1. Lead-acid batteries:
The first pure electric vehicles used. lead-acid batteries Batteries consist of lead and its oxides as electrode materials and sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte. It is currently the source of energye of most battery-powered vehicles. Low cost is currently its biggest advantage. But it has two major disadvantages: one is that the specific energy is low, the mass and volume are too large, and the mileage with a single charge is short; the other is that the service life is short and the use cost is too high; high.
2. Nickel-metal hydride battery:
Nickel-metal hydride battery is a new type of green battery developed in the 1990s. It has the characteristics of high energy and long life. , and no pollution. Compared with lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries are greatly improved. The electrolyte is non-flammable, safety is guaranteed, and the manufacturing process is mature. However, the charging efficiency of nickel-metal hydride batteries is average, and high-voltage fast charging cannot be used. Therefore, after the widespread use of lithium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries tend to be completely replaced in automobiles.
3. Lithium battery:
Lithium battery is the common choice for new energy vehicles at this stage. Lithium compounds (lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, etc.) are used as the electrode. materials and graphite As an anode material, its advantages include light weight, large energy storage, no pollution, no memory effect and long service life.
4. Hydrogen Fuel Cell:
Hydrogen is an ideal clean energy source. It is characterized by no pollution, no noise and high efficiency. As for hydrogen itself, combustion can release a large amount of energy and has excellent low temperature performance. The most important thing is that the effectivenesshydrogenation is high. it takes 5 minutes to travel more than 600 kilometers with hydrogenation. And this data can still be improved. All of the above are far superior to existing lithium batteries.
5. Graphene Battery: Advantages: This new energy battery can reduce charging time from several hours to less than a minute.
Advantages and disadvantages of five types of batteries for new energy vehicles
1. Lithium cobalt oxide battery: Advantages: mature production technology, high energy ratio, about twice that of lithium iron phosphate batteries. Disadvantages: At high temperatures, the stability is slightly worse than that of lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganate batteries and lithium-iron-phosphate batteries.
2. Lithium iron phosphate battery: Advantages: Stability is the best among current automobile lithium batterieses. Disadvantages: There is still a large gap in energy density compared to ternary lithium batteries and lithium cobalt oxide batteries. Additionally, when the temperature is below minus 5 degrees, charging efficiency is reduced. And when the temperature is too low, it will affect the battery capacity.
Car models using lithium iron phosphate batteries are not suitable for driving in the north, especially in extremely cold areas like the northeast. Because the temperature in winter there is too low, which will affect the life of lithium iron phosphate batteries.
3. Ni-MH Batteries: Advantages: The battery has a large energy reserve, is lighter, has a longer lifespan and does not pollute the environment. Disadvantages: The manufacturing cost is too high and the performance is worse than lithium batteries.
4. Ternary lithium battery:Advantages: Compared with lithium cobalt oxide battery, ternary lithium battery is safer. It is more suitable for the future development trend of new energy vehicle batteries, suitable for northern weather conditions, and the battery is more stable at low temperatures. Disadvantages: The voltage is too low and the energy density is between lithium iron phosphate batteries and lithium cobalt oxide batteries.
5. Graphene Battery: Advantages: This new energy battery can reduce charging time from several hours to less than a minute.
Since graphene is added to the lithium battery, it can help the lithium battery reduce heat during production, achieve the goal of reducing energy loss, avoid waste of a large amount of energy, reduce heat damage. To the battery and improve bat lifelaugh.
Disadvantages: The cost is too high and cannot be applied on a large scale at present.
The difference between lithium batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries, please note that lithium batteries have the longest lifespan
Batteries BYD lithium iron phosphate.
1. The cell voltages are different. The voltage of lithium-ion batteries is 3.7-4.2 V, while the voltage of nickel-metal hydride batteries is only 1.2 V. The capacity of a lithium-ion battery is equivalent to three nickel-metal hydride batteries connected in series.
2. The loading speed is different. Lithium-ion has active performance, moves faster inside the battery, has larger charging current and faster charging speed. A lithium-ion battery can be fully charged in about 3 hours, while the charging speed ofs nickel-metal hydride batteries. is very slow and it takes about 1 day to fully charge.
3. The energy density is different. The energy density of lithium-ion batteries is high, and the energy density of the battery has reached more than 160 Wh/kg. The energy density of nickel-metal hydride batteries is low, only 40 to 70 Wh/kg. In the same volume, lithium-ion batteries have greater capacity than nickel-metal hydride batteries.
4. The lifespan is different. The lifespan of the nickel-metal hydride battery can reach more than 500 charge and discharge cycles and can be used for more than 5 years. The lifespan of lithium iron phosphate battery can reach more than 1,000 charge and discharge cycles, and it can be used in new energy vehicles for more than 8 years.
The NiMH battery is 1.2 V. The memory effect of metal hydride de nickel is very low. High reliability. It provides good protection against overdischarge and overcharge, can withstand higher charge-discharge rates, and exhibits no dendrite formation. Has good specific characteristics. Its specific mass capacity is 60 A·h/kg, five times that of nickel-cadmium batteries. (2) Long service life, up to thousands of times. (3) Fully sealed and less maintenance. (4) Excellent low temperature performance, capacity does not change significantly at -10°C.
The working voltage of the lithium-ion battery is 3.7V. The energy is relatively high. It has high storage energy density, reaching 460-600Wh/kg, long service life, and the service life can reach more than 6 years. 1C (10.0% DOD) battery charge and discharge, with 10,000 times usage record, high rated voltage (single working voltage is3.7 V or 3.2 V), approximately equal to the series voltage of three rechargeable nickel metal hydride batteries, which makes the task easier. to form a lithium battery The battery can adjust the voltage to 3.0V through new lithium battery voltage regulator technology, which is suitable for the use of small devices and has high power endurance. Among them, lithium iron phosphate lithium-. The ion battery used in electric vehicles can reach 15. The charge and discharge capacity at -30°C facilitates high-current start-up acceleration, and the self-discharge rate is very low. This is one of the most remarkable advantages of this battery. achieve less than 1%/month, less than 1/1 of the 20 nickel-metal hydride battery. Light weight, the weight is about 1/6 to 1/5 of lead-acid products in the same volume. has strong adaptability to high and low temperatures and can be used in aenvironment from -20℃ to 60℃. After technological treatment, it can be used in an environment of -45 °C.
Primary lithium batteries. Cobalt oxide and lithium ion batteries cannot discharge at high currents, are expensive, and all have poor safety. Batteries all need protection circuits to prevent the battery from being overcharged or discharged. The conditions of use are limited and use at high and low temperatures is dangerous.
Currently, lithium-ion batteries are available in aluminum shells, steel shells and flexible packaging. occupy the market in their respective fields. However, since the operating voltage of previous disposable batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries was 1.2 to 1.5 V, the two connected in series were 2.4 V to 3.0 V. Most electrical devices have already established thisoperating voltage standard. Such as a portable music player, radio, etc. Therefore, in the field of civilian batteries, lithium batteries cannot replace nickel-metal hydride batteries. However, new electrical devices developed later, such as mobile phone batteries, camera batteries, mobile power supplies, etc., all use lithium batteries as mobile power sources.