Generally, the following codes are printed on the lithium battery cells
1: The material identification code is usually printed on the printed terminal part of battery, such as ICR, IMR, NCR, IFR, LTO, etc. So what do these spray codes mean? ICR: Lithium cobalt oxide is used as cathode material. IMR: The cathode material uses lithium manganate. NCR: The material of the positive electrode is lithium-nickel-cobalt manganate (commonly known as ternary). IFR: The cathode material uses lithium iron phosphate. LTO: The cathode material uses lithium titanate. Based on this, you can understand what the cathode material of lithium batteries is and avoid being deceived by traders.
2: Specification number The specification model here generally refers to the size of the lithium battery, such ase: 18650 (18/65), 18490 (18/49), 21700 (21/70), 26650. (26/65), 32650(32/65), etc. The first two numbers represent the diameter of the battery, the last two numbers represent the length (some people like to call it height), and 0 represents the cylinder. For example, 18650 refers to a cylindrical battery with a diameter of 18mm and a length of 65mm. The power type will also add the maximum discharge power after the model inkjet code, such as 18650/3C, 18650/5C, etc., which means the maximum discharge current can reach multiple of its own 3C capacity refers to 3 times. , like the 3C multiple of 1500mAH. The discharge current can reach 4.5A. Ordinary Logo 18650
3: Capacity and voltage printing will mark the battery capacity and power, such as: 1800 mAh, 2000 mAh, 2200 mAh, 2400 mAh, 2500 mAh, 2600 mAh, etc. are common for 18650 batteries. are the capaquoted from the battery, some manufacturers will also spray the corresponding power capacity onto the battery. For example, the power of 3.7V 18650 1800mAh battery is 6.6Wh. Some unscrupulous traders on Taobao take advantage of customers' lack of understanding of batteries and deliberately sell energy in the form of capacity, such as 4000MWh 18650 batteries, 6000MWh 18650 batteries, and even 18650 batteries of 9,000 MWh. In fact, to convert, for a 3.7V 18650 battery, use mwh÷3.7V=mAh. The actual capacity of 18650 with 4000 MWh is 1081 mah. Everyone should keep their eyes open when purchasing batteries and not be deceived by unscrupulous traders.
The voltage code refers to the voltage of a single battery. Different materials have different positive electrode voltages, such as lithium manganate (3.6 VIMR), lithium cobalt oxide (3.7 V/3.8 VICR), bedhium nickel cobalt. Manganate (commonly known as three Yuan, 3.6 VNCR), lithium iron phosphate (3.2 VIFR), lithium titanate (2.3 V/2.4 VLTO). Some manufacturers mark the full power voltage and some manufacturers mark the rated voltage. Different manufacturers have different voltage marking methods.
4: Production batch code Each manufacturer's production batch code is different. Approximate content is year and month of production. Find out the manufacturer. The batch code tells you when the battery was produced. I won't have any old batteries. 5: Manufacturer's Brand Logo Many manufacturers will mark the manufacturer on the battery, including the manufacturer's LOGO and brand words. The printing code of each manufacturer is different, so the manufacturer's logo is also different.
Where is the code for a stackable car's lithium battery?
Lithium batteries-ion can only be charged and discharged 500 times?
I believe most consumers have heard that the lifespan of a lithium battery is “500 times”, 500 times of charging and discharging. After this number of times, the battery will “end its life”. in order to extend battery life If the battery is completely drained every time, does it really extend battery life? the answer is negative. The lifespan of a lithium battery is "500 times", which does not refer to the number of charges, but to one cycle of charging and discharging.
A charge cycle means that all of the battery's energy is used from full to empty, then charged from empty to full. This is not the same as a single charge. For example, a lithium battery only uses half its power the first day, then it is fully charged. If it is still the same the next day, that is to say if youcharge it half way and charge it twice in total, this can only be counted as one charge cycle and not two. Therefore, multiple charges may often be required to complete a cycle. Each time a charge cycle is completed, the battery capacity decreases a little. However, this power reduction is very small. High quality batteries retain 80% of their original capacity after multiple charge cycles. Many lithium-ion powered products are still used as usual after two or three years. Of course, lithium batteries still need to be replaced once their lifespan is reached.
The so-called 500 times means that the manufacturer has achieved approximately 625 times of charging at a constant discharge depth (e.g. 80%), reaching 500 charge cycles.
(80%*625=500) (ignoring factors such as lithium battery capacity reduction)
Due to various influences in real life, especially the depth of discharge during charging is not constant, so 500 charging cycles can only be used as a reference for battery life . Lithium batteries can generally be charged and discharged 300 to 500 times. It is better to partially discharge lithium batteries than to fully discharge them, and to avoid frequent full discharges. Once the battery leaves the production line, the clock starts ticking. Whether you use it or not, the lifespan of lithium batteries only lasts the first few years. The decrease in battery capacity is due to an increase in internal resistance caused by oxidation (which is the main cause of the decrease in battery capacity). Eventually, the cell resistance reaches a point where, even though the battery is fully charged, it ist unable to release the stored energy.
The aging rate of lithium batteries is determined by temperature and state of charge. The table below illustrates the reduction in battery capacity for both settings.
Charging temperature 40% charging 100%
Capacity 0°C after one year Capacity 98% after one year Capacity 94%
Capacity 25°C after one year 96% capacity 80% after one year
40°C, capacity after one year is 85%, capacity after one year is 65%
60 °C, the capacity is 75% after one year, the capacity is 60% after three months
From the figure, it can be seen that high state of charge and high temperature accelerate the decline of the battery capacity.
If possible, try to charge the battery to 40% and place it in a cool place. This allows the battery's own protection circuits to operate for a long life. If the battery is exposed to high temperatureshigh res after being fully charged, it will cause serious damage to the battery. (So when we use fixed power supply, the battery is fully charged and the temperature is usually between 25-30°C, which will damage the battery and cause its capacity to decrease).
Influence factor 1: Depth of discharge and recharge time
From the data on the left image obtained from the experiment, we can know that the recharge times are related to the depth of discharge. The greater the depth of discharge of the battery, the more rechargeable it can be, the less you need to recharge it.
The number of times recharged * depth of discharge = the total number of charging cycles completed, the higher the number of charging cycles completed, the longer the battery life, that is- i.e. the number of times rechargeable. * depth of discharge = actual lifeof the battery (ignoring other factors)
Influence factor 2: overcharging, overdischarging and large charge and discharge current
Avoid overcharging the battery in any form whether it be. If the lithium-ion battery is overcharged, the battery will be seriously damaged and even explode.
Avoid deep discharge below 2V or 2.5V, as this may quickly and permanently damage the lithium-ion battery. Internal metal plating may occur, which may cause a short circuit and render the battery unusable or dangerous.
Most lithium-ion batteries have electronic circuits inside the battery that turn off if the battery voltage drops below 2.5 V, exceeds 4.3 V when charging or discharging, or if the battery current exceeds a predetermined threshold. the battery will be disconnected.
Avoid large charge and discharge currents,which put excessive pressure on the battery.
Influence factor 3: Overheating or excessive cooling environment
Temperature also has a significant impact on the lifespan of lithium batteries. Below freezing environments can cause lithium batteries to deplete as soon as electronic products are turned on, while overheating environments will reduce battery capacity. Therefore, if the laptop uses an external power source for a long time without removing the battery, the battery will be exposed to the high heat emitted by the laptop for a long time and will soon be discarded.
Influence factor 4: Fully charged or discharged state for a long time
Excessively high and low power states have a negative impact on the life of lithium batteries . The number of chargesrepeated discharge indicated on most electrical appliances or batteries sold is based on 80% discharge as a reference test. Experiments show that for some notebook lithium batteries, if the battery voltage often exceeds the standard voltage of 0.1 volt, that is, from 4.1 volts to 4.2 volts, the Battery life will be cut in half. If it increases by 0.1 volt, the battery life will be cut in half. lifespan will be reduced to 1/3; The more fully you charge the battery, the greater the battery loss will be. Long-term weak or no battery conditionThis condition will cause greater and greater resistance to the movement of electrons inside the battery, resulting in smaller battery capacity. It is best for lithium batteries to be in an intermediate state of charge, where they have the longest life.
From what precedes, we can summarize the following points which can extend the capacity and service life of lithium batteries. If you use an external power supply to power your laptop for a long time, or if the battery charge exceeds 80%, remove the battery immediately. There is no need to fully charge the battery during normal charging, just charge it to around 80%. Adjust the operating system power options and set the power alarm above 20%. The minimum battery power should not be less than 20%. For mobile phones and other small electronic devices, you should unplug the power cord (including the USB interface for charging function) immediately after charging. Keeping it connected will damage the battery. Charge frequently, but it is not necessary to fully charge the battery. Whether it's an orlaptop or mobile phone, be careful not to let the battery run out (automatic shutdown). If you're traveling, keep the battery fully charged, but continue to charge your devices whenever conditions permit. Use a smarter, more energy-efficient operating system. First, keeping lithium-ion batteries properly charged and discharged can extend battery life. Keeping the lithium-ion battery power between 10% and 90% is beneficial to protect the battery. This means that when charging batteries of digital products such as mobile phones and laptops, it is not necessary to reach the maximum value.
If digital products equipped with lithium-ion batteries are exposed to sunlight or stored in hot cars, it is best to keep these products turned off because if the operating temperature exceeds 60 ddegrees Celsius, the lithium-ion battery will accelerate aging.
Lithium battery charging temperature range: 0-45 degrees Celsius, lithium battery discharge temperature range 0-60 degrees Celsius.
Second, if the cell phone battery needs to be charged every day, the reason may be that the battery is defective or it is time to "retire".
For laptop owners, it is best to remove the battery if it is plugged in for a long time (the high heat generated by the computer while in use is not good for the battery of the laptop).
Third, under normal circumstances, 50% power is most conducive to the preservation of lithium-ion batteries. 1. Primary lithium battery
Also called primary lithium battery. It can be discharged continuously or intermittently. Once the energyie exhausted, it can no longer be used, and it is widely used in low-power electronic products, such as cameras. Primary lithium batteries have a very low self-discharge and can be stored for 3 years. The effect will be better if stored in refrigerated conditions. It is a good idea to store primary lithium batteries in a low temperature location. Note: Primary lithium batteries are different from lithium-ion batteries, cannot be charged, and charging is very dangerous!
2. Lithium-ion battery
Also called secondary lithium battery. It can be stored for more than six months at 20°C because its self-discharge rate is very low and most of its capacity can be restored.
Lithium batteries have a self-discharge phenomenon. If the battery voltage is stored below 3.6V for a long time, the bThe battery will overdischarge and damage the internal structure of the battery, thereby reducing the battery capacity. life. Therefore, lithium batteries stored for a long time need to be recharged every 3-6 months, it is appropriate to charge at a voltage of 3.8-3.9V (the best storage voltage of lithium batteries is approximately 3.85 V) and maintain a depth of discharge of 40% to 60%, not completely. charge it. Batteries should be stored in a dry environment between 4°C and 35°C or in moisture-proof packaging. Keep away from heat sources and do not expose to direct sunlight.
Lithium batteries have a wide application temperature range. They can still be used outdoors during the northern winter, but their capacity will be significantly reduced if returned to room temperature, the capacity can be restored. For batteries clithium-ion cylinders, the model number is usually 5 digits long. As shown in the table below. The first two numbers are the diameter of the battery and the middle two numbers are the height of the battery. The unit is millimeter. For example, the 18650 lithium battery has a diameter of 18 mm and a height of 65 mm. Model diameter (mm) Height (mm) abcde ab cd Conventional cylindrical lithium ion battery model table model rated capacity (mAh) rated voltage (V) end of discharge voltage (V) rated charging voltage (V) internal resistance (mΩ) diameter (mm) Height (mm) Reference mass (g) ICR18650 1800~2600 3.6-3.7 3.0 4.2 ≤70 18 65 45 ICR18490 1400 3.6-3.7 3.0 4.2 ≤70 18 49 34 ICR14650 1100 3.6-3.7 3.0 4.2 ≤80 14 65 27 ICR14500 800 3.6-3.7 3.0 4.2 ≤80 14 50 21 ICR14430 700 3.6-3.7 3.0 4.2 ≤80 14 43 18 js145007003.0V (used with lithium battery voltage regulator) 3.04.2≤8014 Tab modelPower Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery Model 5021 Rated Capacity (mAh) Rated Voltage (V) End of Discharge Voltage (V) Rated Charge Voltage (V) Internal Resistance (mΩ) Diameter (mm) Height (mm) ) Reference mass (g) INR18650 1200~1500 3.6 3.0 4.2 ≤60 18 65 45 INR18490 1100 3.6 3.0 4.2 ≤60 18 49 34 Cylindrical lithium iron lithium ion battery phosphate model table nominal capacity (mAh) nominal voltage (V) end-of-discharge voltage (V) nominal charge voltage (V) internal resistance (mΩ) Diameter (mm) Height (mm) Reference mass (g) IFR26650 3000 3.2 2.0 3.6 ≤80 26 65 94 IFR22650 1800 3.2 2.0 3.6 ≤80 22 65 67 IFR18650 1100~1400 3.2 2.0 3.6 ≤80 18 65 45 0 1000 3.2 2.0 3.6 ≤80 18 49 34 Note: Internal resistance ≤ mΩ Meaning In in order to perform constant current discharge at the maximum discharge current when fully charged, when the internal resistance reaches how many mΩ, the battery is close toscrap
Lithium ion batteries have more positive electrode materials and are adapted with different negative electrodes. With different working voltages, such as 3.6V or 3.7V.
Rectangular lithium ion battery
Rectangular lithium ion battery is the most popular lithium battery common in life. It has many models and is widely used in MP3, MP4, mobile phones, models. aircraft and other products.
Prismatic lithium-ion batteries are divided into two types: metal shell packaging (silver-white hard shell) and aluminum plastic shell packaging (white-gray soft shell, which can be scratched with nails). Lithium-ion batteries or liquid lithium batteries are encapsulated in aluminum plastic shells and are polymer (polymer) lithium-ion batteries. It can be said that the chemical materials and electrochemical properties utilized in these two batteries are similar. Physical batteries use certain colloidal substances to help the battery plates accommodate or absorb the electrolyte, thereby reducing the use of liquid electrolyte. Therefore, the battery packaging can be changed from a metal shell to an aluminum plastic shell.
The metal cased lithium battery case is the negative electrode, and the positive electrode is on the protrusion on one side of the battery; the positive and negative electrodes of the aluminum cast lithium battery are the negative electrode. two plates on one side of the battery, and the case is an insulator
For square lithium-ion batteries, the model number is usually 6 digits. As shown in the table below. The first two numbers correspond to the thickness of the battery to 1 decimal place; the two middle numbers correspond to the widthdrums ; the last two numbers correspond to the length of the battery. The unit is millimeter. For example, lithium battery 606168 has a thickness of 6.0 mm, a width of 61 mm and a length of 68 mm. (Note: Due to the different packaging methods used by different battery manufacturers, the capacity of prismatic lithium-ion batteries of the same model varies within 300mAh)
The rated voltage of lithium-ion batteries prismatic ion is generally 3.6. ~3.7 V. The end of charge voltage is generally 4.2 V. Square lithium-ion battery model length (mm) width (mm) thickness (mm) rated voltage (V) rated charging voltage (V ) abcdef ef cd a.b 3.6～3.7 4.2
General Lithium The following codes will be printed on the battery cells
1: Material identification code
It is usually located at the battery injector terminal, such as ICR, IMR, NCR, IFR, LTO, etc. So what do these spray codes mean? ICR: Lithium cobalt oxide is used as cathode material. IMR: The cathode material uses lithium manganate. NCR: The material of the positive electrode is lithium-nickel-cobalt manganate (commonly known as ternary). IFR: The cathode material uses lithium iron phosphate. LTO: The cathode material uses lithium titanate. Based on this, you can understand what the cathode material of lithium batteries is and avoid being deceived by traders.
2: Specification number
The specification model here generally refers to the size of the lithium battery, such as: 18650 (18/ 65), 18490 (18/49), 21700 (21/70), 26650 (26/65), 32650 (32/65), etc. The first two numbers represent the diameter of the battery, the last two numbers represent the length (some people like to call itheight) and 0 represents the cylinder. For example, 18650 refers to a cylindrical battery with a diameter of 18mm and a length of 65mm. The power type will also add the maximum discharge power after the model inkjet code, such as 18650/3C, 18650/5C, etc., which means the maximum discharge current can reach multiple of its own 3C capacity refers to 3 times. , like the 3C multiple of 1500mAH. The discharge current can reach 4.5A.
General Mark 18650
3: Capacity and Voltage Coding
Capacity and power will be marked on the battery, like for example: 18650 Battery Common 1800mAh, 2000mAh, 2200mAh, 2400mAh, 2500mAh, 2600mAh, etc., these are the capacities of the battery. Some manufacturers will also spray the corresponding wattage onto the battery. For example, the power of 1800mAh of the 3.7V 18650 battery is 6.6 Wh. Some unscrupulous traders on Taobaotake advantage of customers' lack of understanding of batteries and deliberately sell energy in the form of capacity, such as 4000 MWh 18650 batteries, 6000 MWh 18650 batteries, and even 9000 MWh 18650 batteries. In fact, to convert, for a 3.7V 18650 battery, use mwh÷3.7V=mAh. The actual capacity of 18650 with 4000 MWh is 1081 mah. Everyone should keep their eyes open when purchasing batteries and not be deceived by unscrupulous traders.
The voltage code refers to the voltage of a single battery. Different materials have different positive electrode voltages, such as lithium manganate (IMR 3.6V), lithium cobalt oxide (ICR 3.7V/3.8V), lithium. nickel-cobalt manganate (commonly known as ternary, 3.6V NCR), lithium iron phosphate (3.2V IFR), lithium titanate (2.3V/2.4V LTO). Some manufacturers mark the voltage at full power and some manufacturers marc the nominal voltage. Different manufacturers have different voltage marking methods.
4: Production batch code
The production batch code of each manufacturer is different. The approximate contents are the year and month of production. Knowing the manufacturer's batch code can help you understand when the battery was produced. I won't have any old batteries.
5: Manufacturer's Brand Logo
Many manufacturers will mark the manufacturer on the battery, with the manufacturer's LOGO and brand words . The printing code of each manufacturer is different, so the manufacturer's logo is also different.