Battery is a type of battery. Its function is to store limited electrical energy and use it in appropriate locations. Its working principle is to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
It uses a lead plate filled with sponge lead as the negative electrode, a lead plate filled with lead dioxide as the positive electrode, and 22 to 28% dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolyte. During charging, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy and during discharging, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. When the battery discharges, the lead metal is the negative electrode and undergoes an oxidation reaction and is oxidized to lead sulfate; lead dioxide is the positive electrode and undergoes a reduction reaction and is reduced to lead sulfate. When the battery is charged with direct current, lead and lead dioxide are produced at the two poles respectively.Once the power source is removed, it returns to its pre-discharge state, forming a chemical battery. Lead-acid batteries are batteries that can be charged and discharged repeatedly and are called secondary batteries. Its voltage is 2V. Usually three lead-acid batteries are used in series, and the voltage is 6V. The car uses six lead-acid batteries connected in series to form a 12V battery. Lead-acid batteries need to be filled of sulfuric acid after having been used for some time to preserve the electrolyte containing 22 to 28% dilute sulfuric acid.
Lithium batteries are a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and uses a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The first lithium battery came from the great inventor Edison.
The chemical properties of metallic lithium being very active, the tProcessing, storage and use of lithium metal have very high environmental requirements. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time.
With the development of microelectronic technology in the 20th century, the number of miniaturized devices has increased day by day, placing high demands on power supplies. Lithium batteries then entered the stage of large-scale practical use.
It was first used in pacemakers. Since the self-discharge rate of lithium batteries is extremely low, the discharge voltage is gentle. It allows the pacemaker to be implanted in the human body for long-term use.
Lithium batteries typically have a voltage rating above 3.0 volts and are more suitable for integrated circuit power supplies. Manganese dioxide batteries are widely usedin computers, calculators, cameras and watches.
What are the differences between lead acid batteries and lithium batteries for electric vehicles?
The difference between lithium batteries and lead acid batteries is: different weight, different lifespan and different battery capacity.
1. The weight is different. The weight of the lithium battery is only 1/4 of that of the lead-acid battery of the same capacity, and the volume is only 1/3 of that of the lead-acid battery. lead acid battery of the same capacity.
2. The lifespan is different. The lifespan of lead-acid batteries is typically around 2 years, while lithium batteries are more durable, with a lifespan of 4-5 years. The cycle of lead acid battery is generally fully charged in 300 times, while lithium battery is fully charged and discharged.reused more than 500 times.
3. Battery capacity is different from lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries have higher average operating voltage and higher specific energy. In other words, for the same size rechargeable batteries, lithium batteries. have greater capacity.
Applications of lithium batteries:
Lithium batteries are widely used in energy storage systems such as hydro, thermal, wind and solar power, uninterruptible power supplies for posts and telecommunications, as well as power tools, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles and military equipment. , aerospace, etc.
Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in portable devices such as laptops, cameras and mobile communications due to thetheir unique performance advantages. The developed large-capacity lithium-ion battery has been tested in electric vehicles and has become one of the main power sources for electric vehicles in the 21st century. It will also be used in satellites, aerospace and energy storage.
With the shortage of energy and the pressure of environmental protection in the world. Lithium batteries are widely used in the electric vehicle industry, especially the emergence of lithium iron phosphate batteries, which has promoted the development and application of lithium battery industry.
The differences between lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries for electric vehicles are as follows:
1 Different concepts
Lead. -Acid batteries (VRLA), are a battery whose electrodes are mainly made up of lead and its oxides, and theelectrolyte is a solution of sulfuric acid.
Lithium battery is a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and uses non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
2. Different durability
Lead-acid batteries are generally deeply charged and discharged within 300 times, have memory, and have a lifespan of about two years. And there is liquid in the lead acid battery. After a period of consumption, the liquid needs to be replenished;
Lithium batteries have strong durability, slow consumption, can be charged and discharged more than 500 times. and have no memory. The general lifespan is 4 to 5 years.
3. Different volume and quality
Typically, lead acid batteries weigh between 16 and 30 kg and are larger
Lithium batteries generally weigh between 2.5 and 3000 kg. 3 kilograms, the volume is relativevery small.
4. Different prices and warranty periods
Lead-acid batteries cost around 450 yuan and the warranty period is 1 year
Lithium batteries are relatively expensive and; require It costs about 1,000 yuan, but the warranty period is two years.
5. Different battery capacities
The capacity of lead acid battery is about 20 amps; Lithium battery capacity is 8-10 amps.
6. Environmental protection is different
Lead-acid batteries contain pollution during the production process and may cause pollution if improperly recycled.
Lithium batteries are relatively polluting; green and environmentally friendly.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Lithium Battery
Baidu Encyclopedia-Lead Acid Battery