New energy electric vehicles are increasingly becoming many people's first choice for buying cars. They are smarter and more economical than fuel vehicles, but batteries are still a big problem, such as lifespan, density, weight, Issues such as price and safety. In fact, there are many types of energy batteries. Today I'm going to tell you about the different types of new energy batteries currently available.
So current power batteries generally include the following types, namely ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium cobalt oxide batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries and solid-state batteries. Among them, new energy trams generally use ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries, so-called“two heroes competing for hegemony”.
Ternary lithium battery: The typical battery is CATL's nickel-cobalt-manganese series. There are also nickel-cobalt-aluminum series in the industry. Nickel is added to the battery to increase the battery's storage capacity and improve its lifespan.
It is characterized by small size, light weight, high energy density, approximately 240 Wh/kg, poor thermal stability and is more prone to spontaneous combustion problems. It is resistant to low temperatures but not high temperatures. The lower limit of low temperature use is minus 30°C, and the power is attenuated by about 15% in winter. The thermal runaway temperature is around 200°C-300°C and the risk of spontaneous combustion is high.
Lithium iron phosphate battery: refers to a lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as the electrical materialpositive trode and carbon as negative electrode material. Compared with ternary lithium batteries, its thermal stability is better and its production cost is lower. Additionally, the lifespan of lithium iron phosphate batteries will be longer, typically 3,500 times, while ternary lithium batteries typically start to decay around 2,000 times when charging and discharging.
Lithium cobalt oxide battery: Lithium cobalt oxide battery is also a branch of lithium ion battery. Lithium cobalt oxide batteries have stable structure, high capacity ratio and outstanding overall performance. However, lithium cobalt oxide batteries have poor safety and high cost. Lithium cobalt oxide batteries are mainly used for small and medium-sized batteries. They are a common battery in electronic products andare generally not used in cars.
Nickel metal hydride battery: Nickel metal hydride battery is a new type of green battery developed in the 1990s. It has the characteristics of high energy, long life and of an absence of pollution. The electrolyte in nickel-metal hydride batteries is a nonflammable potassium hydroxide solution, so even if problems such as a battery short circuit occur, it will generally not cause spontaneous combustion. Safety is guaranteed and the manufacturing process is mature.
However, nickel-metal hydride batteries have average charging efficiency, cannot use high-voltage fast charging, and their performance is much worse than lithium batteries. Therefore, once lithium batteries are widely used, nickel-metal hydride batteries. batteries cancan also be replaced gradually.
The presentations above are all about liquid batteries, but what about solid-state batteries?
Compared with liquid batteries, solid-state batteries have certain advantages such as long battery life, low cost, high safety and longer service life. However, as a new technology, solid-state batteries are still in the research and development stage, the technology is not yet mature, and the production cost is relatively high.
At present, domestic and foreign automobile manufacturers are also actively overcoming the technical problems of solid-state batteries, including some manufacturers such as Weilai and CATL are actively developing solid-state batteries. In February 2023, Nissan EuropeDavid Moss, senior vice president of R&D, said Nissan had developed aith success a fully solid-state battery.
Previously, CATL also launched a new product called "Condensed Matter Battery", which can achieve an energy density of 500 Wh/kg, which is nearly 1.5 times the energy density of lithium batteries. current ternaries. But this is not a semi-solid battery in the traditional sense, but a new form of battery.
Currently, the range of most liquid batteries is only between 400 km and 600 km. The range of solid-state batteries can easily exceed 1,000 km, and the charging speed is more than 3 times faster than liquid batteries. batteries.
If solid-state batteries are widely used in new energy vehicles, it will greatly accelerate the development of new energy vehicles. We look forward to all the companies showcasing their talents to see if thesolid-state batteries will become the solution. light of a new energy.
After all, with the development of new energy vehicles, the requirements for batteries will only become higher and higher. For the industry, technological iteration will bring more value addition to the industry. the mode and quality of travel are also gradually changing.
This article comes from Yichehao author Dian Pai. Copyright belongs to the author. Please contact the author for any form of reprinting. The content only represents the author's opinion and has nothing to do with Bitauto
Classification of new energy vehicle power batteries
1 Different characteristics
.1. Lithium polymer battery: shaping flexibility; higher mass specific energy (3 times that of MH-Ni battery); wide electrochemical stability window, up to 5 V; longer life, less capacity loss; volume usage.
2. Lithium cobalt oxide battery: stable structure, high capacity ratio, outstanding overall performance, but its safety is poor and the cost is very high.
2. Different applications
1. Lithium Polymer Battery: It has been more than 2 years since lithium-ion polymer battery technology matured and was commercialized globally, although sales are increasing rapidly. , However, its market share is still about 10%, which is incomparable with the 90% market share of liquid lithium batteries and is lower than people's expectations.
2. Lithium cobalt oxide battery: The application of lithium cobalt oxide battery is still relatively few. The technology of using cobalt-lithium for small batteries is very mature, but the cost of cobalt-lithium is now too highe. Many companies use manganese-lithium instead.
Lithium cobalt oxide has stable performance and is currently the most mature technology used in mobile phones. However, the biggest disadvantage of its application is its high cost. Cobalt is also a relatively rare strategic metal. also has some advantages when used in power batteries.
Detailed information:
Precautions for using lithium polymer batteries:
1. Pay attention to short circuit conditions
Lithium polymer. ionic batteries, Short circuit conditions can easily occur during charging. Including: internal short circuit, external short circuit, etc. Although most lithium-ion batteries now have built-in protection circuits,e short circuits and explosion-proof wires, in many cases, this protection circuit may not work under various circumstances, and the role of explosion-proof wires is also very limited.
2. Do not overcharge when charging
If the lithium-ion polymer battery is charged for too long, the possibility of expansion will increase.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Lithium-ion polymer battery
Baidu Encyclopedia - Lithium-cobalt oxide battery
Pure cobalt battery life
Classification of new energy vehicle batteries
New energy vehicle batteries can be roughly divided into two categories, one is lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP), the other is lithium cobalt oxide battery (NCA), MR).
1. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery: The positive electrode material of this battery is made of lithium iron phosphate, which is highlysafe and not prone to explosions and environmental pollution. However, its capacity and weight are relatively small and its service life is short. It is only suitable for urban travel, short-distance travel and other scenarios.
2. Lithium cobalt oxide battery (NCA, NCM): The cathode material of this type of battery is usually made of materials such as lithium cobalt oxide or cobalt oxide, which has a capacity/weight high. ratio and long life. However, lithium cobalt oxide batteries have higher costs and greater safety risks than other batteries. The ternary lithium battery supports high-power charging, so it is suitable for long-distance driving and high-speed driving scenarios.
3. Hybrid lithium iron phosphate (LFP)-lithium cobalt oxide (NCM) battery: this battery combinationIt is suitable for electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, achieving a balance between safety and cost-effectiveness.
4. Ternary lithium battery: Ternary lithium battery is a new type of lithium-ion battery. It is widely used in electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles due to its advantages such as high energy density, high voltage and long service life. the life. Electric vehicles and other fields. Ternary lithium batteries use nickel, cobalt and manganese oxides as positive electrode materials, and carbon materials as negative electrode materials.
Whatever the type of battery, it is very important to choose the model and use that suits you.
Pure cobalt batteries have a lifespan of approximately 330 times.
1. Pure lithium cobalt oxide battery is a type of polymer battery. Only the electrode material positive uses pure lithium cobalt oxide. Pure lithium cobalt oxide battery is a better material for polymer batteries. The lifespan is relatively longer.
2. Lithium polymer batteries use file alloy as the positive electrode, polymer conductive materials, polyacetylene, polyaniline or polyparaphenol as the negative electrode, and organic solvents as the electrolyte.
3. The specific energy of lithium polyaniline battery can reach 350W.h/kg, but the specific power is only 50-60W/kg, the operating temperature is -40-70 degrees, and the service life is from -40 to 70 degrees. about 330 times.