How many types of negative electrode materials are there for lithium batteries?

Introduction How many types of negative electrode materials are there for lithium batteries? The anode materials of lithium batteries are roughly divided into six types: carbon anode materials, alloy anode materials, tin anode materials, and metal nitride anodes. lith

How many types of negative electrode materials are there for lithium batteries?

Lithium battery anode materials are roughly divided into six types: carbon anode materials, alloy anode materials, tin-based anode materials, tin-based anode materials in lithium-containing transition metal nitride, nanoscale materials and nanoscale anode materials.

The first is nanoscale carbon anode material:

The anode materials currently used in lithium-ion batteries are mainly carbon materials, such as artificial graphite and natural graphite, mesophase carbon microspheres. , petroleum coke, carbon fiber, carbon pyrolytic resin, etc.

The second type is alloy negative electrode materials: including tin-based alloys, silicon-based alloys, germanium-based alloys, aluminum-based alloys , alloys based on antimony, alloys based on magnesium and aother alloys. There are currently no commercial products.

The third type is tin-based negative electrode materials:

Tin-based negative electrode materials can be divided into two types: tin oxide and tin-based composite oxide. Oxides refer to oxides of metallic tin in various valence states. There are currently no commercial products.

The fourth type is lithium-containing transition metal nitride anode materials, which currently have no commercial products.

The fifth type concerns nanoscale materials: carbon nanotubes and nanoalloy materials. ?

The sixth nano-negative electrode material: nano-oxide material?

Detailed information

The negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery is made of an active material negative, carbon or non-carbon. The material, binder and additivesmixed to form a paste adhesive, which is applied evenly to both sides of the copper foil, dried and rolled. The key to successful lithium-ion battery production lies in the ability to prepare negative electrode materials capable of reversibly removing/intercalating lithium ions.

Generally speaking, the selection of a good negative electrode material should follow the following principles: high specific energy; low electrode potential compared to lithium electrode; good reversibility of charge and discharge reactions; good interaction with electrolyte and binder; compatibility; small specific surface area (<10 m2/g), high actual density (>2.0 g/cm3); good dimensional and mechanical stability during lithium insertion process, stable low price in air, no toxic side effects; . At present, the negative electrode materials actually used in lithium-i batteriesone is generally carbonaceous materials, such as graphite, soft carbon (such as coke, etc.), hard carbon, etc. Anode materials studied include nitrides, PAS, tin-based oxides, tin alloys, nano-anode materials, and other intermetallic compounds.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia_Anode Material

Which is better for lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese or lithium ternary lithium battery?

1. Lithium Cobalt Oxide

Advantages: Lithium Cobalt Oxide has the advantages of high discharge platform, high specific capacity, good cycle performance and simple synthesis process.

Disadvantages: Lithium cobalt oxide materials contain highly toxic cobalt elements and are relatively expensive, making it difficult to guaranteesafety during the manufacture of high-power batteries.

2. Lithium Iron Phosphate

Advantages: PhosphorusLithium iron oxide does not contain harmful elements, is inexpensive, very safe, and has a service life of up to 10,000 times.

Disadvantages: The energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteries is lower than that of lithium cobalt oxide and ternary batteries.

3. Ternary Materials

Advantages: Ternary materials can be balanced and regulated in terms of specific energy, circulation, safety and cost.

Disadvantages: The thermal stability of ternary materials is less good. For example, NCM11 material decomposes at approximately 300°C, while NCM811 decomposes at approximately 220°C.

4. Lithium manganate

Advantages: Lithium manganate has low cost, safety and good low temperature performance.

Disadvantages: The materialLithium manganate itself is not very stable and breaks down easily to produce gas.

5. Lithium Nickelate

Advantages: Lithium nickelate has the advantages of high specific capacity, low pollution, moderate price and good electrolyte matching.

Disadvantages: The synthesis of lithium nickelate is difficult and the cycle stability is poor.

Detailed information

Nickel, Different configurations of three elements, cobalt and manganese, can provide different properties to the material:

1. Increasing nickel content will increase material capacity, but degrade cycle performance;

2. The presence of cobalt can make the structure of the material more stable, but too high a content will reduce the capacity;

3. The presence of manganese can reduce costs and improve performancesafety requirements, but too high a content will destroy. the material.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Lithium manganese battery

Baidu Encyclopedia - Lithium-cobalt oxide battery

Baidu Encyclopedia - Nickel-cobalt ternary battery material manganese

< p> Baidu Encyclopedia - Lithium iron phosphate battery

Lithium iron phosphate batteryWell, batteries Lithium-ion and lithium iron phosphate batteries have their own advantages and disadvantages of technology. There is no distinction between right and wrong, only between what is suitable and what is not. It is best to choose the lithium battery that suits you.

Lithium iron phosphate battery.

The so-called lithium iron phosphate battery refers to a lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material. The particularity of this type of battery is that it does not containace of precious metal elements (like cobalt, etc.).

In actual use, lithium iron phosphate batteries have the advantages of high temperature resistance, high safety and stability, low price and better cycle performance . The price of raw materials is low and the earth's phosphorus and iron resources are abundant, so there will be no supply problems.

The advantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries are that they are safe to use.

The PO bond in the lithium iron phosphate battery crystal is stable and not easy to decompose. Even at high temperatures or overload, the structure will not collapse and heat up, nor will it form strong oxidizing substances like lithium cobalt oxide. has good security.

Lithium iron phosphate batteries have undergone rigorous safety testing, even in the event of collisions,punctures. There will be no explosion.

With the improvement of service life, the service life of lithium iron phosphate batteries reaches more than 2,000 times. With a standard charge (5 hour rate), it can reach 2000 times.

Lead-acid batteries of the same quality only last 1-1.5 years at most, while lithium iron phosphate batteries have a theoretical lifespan of 7-8 years when used under the same conditions.

High temperature performance is good. The thermal peak of lithium iron phosphate battery can reach 350℃-500℃, while lithium manganate and lithium cobalt oxide are only about 200℃. It has a wide operating temperature range (-20°C to 75°C) and features high temperature resistance.

With large capacity, if the battery is often fully charged and not fully discharged, the capacity will quickly drop belowe the nominal capacity. This phenomenon is called memory effect.

Ni-MH and nickel-cadmium batteries have memory, but lithium iron phosphate batteries do not exhibit this phenomenon. No matter what state the battery is in, it can be charged and used anytime, and there. there is no need to discharge it first and then recharge it.

Lightweight, the volume of a lithium iron phosphate battery with the same specifications and capacity is 2/3 that of a lead acid battery, and its weight is 1/3 that of a lead acid battery. battery.

Environmentally friendly, lithium iron phosphate batteries do not pollute, comply with European RoHS regulations and are certified as absolutely green and environmentally friendly batteries.

Fast charging, it can quickly charge and discharge at a high current of 2C. The battery can be fully charged in 40 minutes with a chaspecial voltage to 1.5C, and the starting current can reach 2C.

Disadvantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries:

1. The plug density of the positive electrode of lithium iron phosphate batteries is low, and the density is generally around 0.8 to 1.3. Big size.

2. The conductivity is poor, the lithium ion diffusion speed is slow, and the actual specific capacity is low when charging and discharging at high times.

3. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have poor performance at low temperatures.

4. The life of a single lithium iron phosphate battery is long, about 2,000 times, but the life of a lithium iron phosphate battery is short, generally about 500 times.

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