Toyota is leading the race to produce the first solid-state battery electric vehicle. According to a new report from Nikkei, the Japanese giant plans to launch its first working prototype in 2021, with the production vehicle expected to go on sale in the early 2020s.
This technology will pave the way for a new era of electric vehicles, because solid-state batteries are more compact, faster to charge, safer and have higher energy density than traditional lithium-ion batteries currently in wide use. They use a solid electrolyte rather than the liquid or gel polymer electrolyte found in lithium-ion cells. This means they require less physical space to produce the same amount of energy and are less likely to catch fire if damaged.
It is estimated that a solid-state car can have a range of 1,000 kilometers (621 miles) with a temp.s 10 minute charge. Solid-state batteries age less over time and Toyota aims to retain 90% of the battery's performance over a 30-year lifespan. Toyota leads in the number of solid-state battery patents, with more than 1,000 patents related to this technology.
However, difficulties remain in the production of solid-state batteries. Their production requires extremely dry conditions and the raw lithium they require is a scarce resource. To help accelerate the development of the technology, Nikkei reports that the Japanese government plans to use part of a new 2 trillion yen ($19.2 billion) decarbonization fund to build carbon production infrastructure. solid-state batteries nationally. Industrial companies such as Mitsui & Co., oil company Idemitsu Kosan and Sumitomo Chemical are preparing to producesolid electrolytes.
Volkswagen has announced it will produce its own solid-state batteries by 2025, and Nissan plans to produce a prototype solid-state battery in 2028.
Toyota is jointly developing the battery with Panasonic, a leader in battery technology, and had planned to reveal some information during this summer's Tokyo Olympics. Although the Olympics were canceled due to the COVID-19 outbreak, Toyota has not yet revealed when the battery prototype will make its first public appearance. It now appears that this will be sometime in 2021.
This article is from the author of Autohome Chejiahao and does not represent the views and positions of Autohome.
How to classify waste
The wave of new energy vehicle development has arrived, and many netizens will even wonder whether the future automobile industry will use only of nnew energies. energy vehicles rather than a fuel vehicle. I think no one can predict what will happen in the future. However, the current development of new energy vehicles has great prospects, but it is unclear whether fuel vehicles will be replaced. Therefore, today the editor will share the development prospects of new energy vehicles with friends, and many consumers concerned about new energy vehicles can learn more.
At present, although the new energy vehicle industry still has certain shortcomings in terms of endurance, battery technology, maintenance management, etc., it still has inherent advantages over traditional fuel vehicles. Many people in the industry believe that so that fuel vehicles, hybrid vehicles and pure electric vehicles cant coexist for a long time on the market, and that the future development label will always be “electric”.
With 10 minutes of charging and a range of up to 500 kilometers, Toyota will usher in a new era of new energy vehicles
The categories are more diverse follows:
1. Scrap:
Phosphor bronze, red copper, white copper, red copper, bronze (62#, 65#), brass, enameled copper wire, leftover copper, aluminum, stainless steel (316.316L.304.301 .202), stainless iron, zinc alloy (slag), lead, industrial iron, gold and silver plated products and other scrap and non-ferrous metal recycling
2. Electronic waste:
Electronic pins, including silver tin, lead-free tin, lead-containing tin, tin slag, tin bars, tin wires , tin dust, solder paste, printed circuits, ICs, capacitors, diodes, transistors, transformers, loadurs, waste cables and wires, resistors and other waste Electronic recycling
3. Waste plastic:
Waste candles, acrylic, silicone, nylon, film, blister, Saigon, 475, ABS, PS, PP, PC, PVC recycling, PCDVD disc materials, PU, PA nylon, POM steel, PS, PP, PET, PCB boards and other waste plastics
IV. Cobalt waste:
Cobalt powder, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt oxide, aluminum cobalt paper, battery positive electrode sheets, negative electrode sheets, battery materials battery positive electrode edge, 42# punching edge materials, 79# punching edge materials, electroplating anode materials and other recycling waste
5. Used batteries:
Lithium batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, lithium ion batteries, polymer batteries, lithium batteries, solar batteries, mobile phone batteries, battlaptop batteries, camcorder batteries, digital camera batteries, PDA batteries, walkie-talkie batteries and other waste battery recycling
6. nickel:
Electrolytic nickel, scrap nickel, electroformed nickel, battery conductive nickel sheet, foam Nickel recycling, nickel strips, battery conductive nickel sheets, nickel paper, nickel foil, nickel mesh, nickel-containing alloys, nickel CDs, scrap nickel and tin beads, scrap nickel beads, single crystal silicon wafers, nickel powder and other scraps.
7. Scrap silicon wafers:
Waste monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, seeds. crystals, broken silicon wafers, photolithography wafers, blue film wafers, solar cells, edge silicon materials, battery wafers, recycling of used silicon wafers such as silicon rodse silicon, silicon heads and tails, silicon wafers, IC grade silicon wafers and bare wafers
8. Precious metals:
Gold plating, gold water, silver targets, plating Recycling scrap precious metals such as silver, nickel, rhodium, palladium, platinum, cobalt, tungsten steel, titanium, etc.
9. Waste paper
Waste white paper, books, waste magazine paper, old newsprint, waste cardboard and cardboard paper, waste paper from paper bags and kraft paper, mixed paper
10. Waste glass Flat waste glass, waste embossed glass, waste hollow glass, waste tempered glass, waste wired glass, waste high performance hollow glass, mosaic glass, waste laminated glass, waste organic glass, waste inorganic glass, waste frosted glass, waste flame-retardant glass, waste bullet-proof glass, Special waste glass
11. Wastewater
Classification
According to the chemical properties of the main pollutants contained in industrial wastewater, they are divided into: Containing inorganic substances. pollution Inorganic wastewater containing mainly substances, organic wastewater containing mainly organic pollutants, mixed wastewater containing both organic and inorganic substances, heavy metal wastewater, wastewater containing radioactive substances and cooling water only contaminated with the heat. For example, electroplating wastewater and mineral processing process wastewater are inorganic wastewater, and food or petroleum processing process wastewater are organic wastewater.
According to the products and processing objects of industrial enterprises, it can be divided into papermaking wastewater, textile wastewater, papermaking wastewatershaving, pesticide wastewater, metallurgical wastewater, oil refining wastewater, etc.
According to the main components of pollutants contained in wastewater, it can be divided into acidic wastewater, alkaline wastewater, phenol-containing wastewater, chromium-containing wastewater, organophosphorus-containing wastewater and radioactive wastewater, etc. Recyclable waste refers to waste that has a high recycling value and can enter waste recycling channels. Mainly including: paper (newspapers, magazines, cartons and other uncontaminated paper products, etc.), metal, glass (glass bottles and jars, flat glass and other glass products), plastic products Except for plastic bags, rubber and rubber products, milk boxes and other Tetra Pak packaging, beverage bottles, etc.
Non-recyclable waste includeskitchen waste, hazardous waste and other waste. However, as kitchen waste should not be placed in roadside bins, non-recyclable waste in the bins is hazardous waste and other waste.
Hazardous waste refers to waste containing toxic and harmful chemicals, such as: batteries, used lamps and bulbs, expired medicines, expired daily cosmetics, hair dyes, containers of pesticides, herbicide containers, discarded mercury thermometers, discarded small waste. household appliances, discarded printer ink cartridges, toner cartridges, etc.
Other waste is a general term for all waste, except recyclable waste, hazardous waste and kitchen waste, including: contaminated and non-renewable paper, contaminated glass or other non-recyclable, plastic bagsas and other contaminated waste. plastic products, used clothing and other textiles, used ceramics, shells, cigarette butts, dust, etc.
Detailed information:
Waste can be divided into repairable or non-repairable waste depending on the extent to which it does not meet the original specifications or technical standards. Repairable waste means that the waste can be used after being repaired.
And the cost of repair is economically unreasonable; irreparable waste means that the waste cannot be repaired, or the cost of repair is not economically viable.
Scrap losses include scrap losses after the cost of irreparable scraps less the recyclable residual value of scraps and the repair costs of repairable scraps.
Alls losses incurred on scrap products found after sale, including freight and miscellaneous costs paid when returning scrap products, etc., will be treated as administrative costs and will not be included in scrap products .in loss.
The loss of repairable scrap products is generally the same as the cost of qualified products. Firstly, the “waste loss” account is debited and the accounts concerned are credited according to the distribution table for material costs and salaries. expenses, auxiliary production expenses, manufacturing expenses, etc.
Accounting
In order to calculate the scrap losses that arise during the production process, you can create a detailed account “Scrap losses” under the “Basic production” account to organize the accounting. . In the debit, the production costs of irreparable scrap metal and the repair costs of reworked scrap metal are recorded.parable.
The creditor records the value of the recycled scrap metal which must be deducted from the cost of the scrap metal. The difference between the above-mentioned contents of the debit and the creditors of this account constitutes the total net waste loss of the business.
The share corresponding to the offender will be transferred from his credit to the debit of the “Other receivables” account, and compensation will be requested as soon as possible for the remaining net losses of waste; be attributed to the same type carried out during the current period. The cost of the product is included in the “loss of waste” item.
That is, the credit of the account “Basic Production - Scrap Loss” is transferred to the debit of the account “Basic Production - ×× Products” After the transfer, the account “ Basic production - Loss of scrap metal. "The account should not have a final balance.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Scrap
As we all know, technologye new energy vehicle batteries have always been a key research project for various automobile manufacturers. Although many automobile brands such as BYD, Tesla and Xpeng Motors have increased their cruising range to more than 600 km, many consumers still find it difficult to pay or even refuse to pay. Nowadays, the issue of battery life of new energy vehicles has become a problem for many. consumers. An obstacle to buying a car.
While everyone is watching Akio Toyoda's attack on electric vehicles recently, you may not have noticed that Toyota plans to launch a new solid-state battery prototype in 2021. It is understood that the battery life can reach 500 kilometers after 10 minutes of charging. If once mass-produced, this technology will bring huge changes to the new energy vehicle industry. It can be said that this technology will be a revolutionary advancement.
What is a solid state battery?
The working principle of solid-state batteries is not much different from traditional lithium batteries. The biggest difference is in the electrolyte. Traditional lithium batteries use separators and liquid electrolytes, while solid-state batteries are made of solid electrolytes. Simply put, in the same volume, the energy of solid-state batteries is 2 times that of existing car batteries.
Currently, there are two types of power batteries for new energy vehicles, lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries. At present, the most advanced technology is BYD's blade battery. The blade battery uses a lithium iron phosphate battery. ThisBattery does not have high density but is not easy to heat and is very safe. The downside is that its lifespan is limited. .
The most popular Tesla Model 3 uses ternary lithium batteries. This type of battery has a high energy density and theoretically has a longer runtime than blade batteries, but it is prone to heat and presents a risk of spontaneous combustion. Especially after adding fast charging to current lithium batteries, the temperature is too high due to damage to the diaphragm, causing spontaneous combustion.The incident is shocking.
Compared to traditional car batteries, solid-state batteries are more compact, charge faster and more reliably, and have a higher energy density. It is not difficult to see that solid-state batteries have obvious advantages over traditional batteries.
Solid-state batteries will be the future direction of development
Although such innovative technology seems a bit unbelievable, it exists. There have already been reports of solid-state batteries. For example, Volkswagen is expected to produce solid-state batteries in 2025, Ford will produce them in 2027, and industrial companies such as Mitsui & Co., oil company Idemitsu Kosan and Sumitomo. The chemicals are being prepared. Produce solid electrolytes?...? It can be seen that major manufacturers have actually started the battle for solid-state battery research and development.
But Toyota will launch its first prototype in 2021. Note that this is not a concept car but a prototype. After testing, the prototype will improve the defects in details. can be launched on the market.
In the field of electric vehicles, Toyota has been a leader since the launch of the tehybrid technology. This time there is a breakthrough in the field of solid-state batteries, and Toyota still plays an important role. According to Toyota, Toyota's current goal is to ensure that this battery maintains 90% of its performance over its 30-year lifespan.
To accelerate the development of this technology, the Japanese government plans to use part of its new 2 trillion yen decarbonization fund for the production of solid-state batteries. And according to official news, this battery will be unveiled during the Tokyo Olympics in the summer of 2021.
Recharging takes 10 minutes, a single driving distance reaches 500 kilometers, and the service life can reach 90% in 30 years. These data tell us that this is not an adjustment to the structure of the automobile industry. already been. This is the start of a revolution.
This article comes from the author of Autohome Chejiahao and does not representnot the views and positions of Autohome.