1. Different properties
1. Lithium iron phosphate battery: This is a lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material.
2. Ternary lithium battery: It is a ternary lithium battery with positive electrode material using lithium-nickel-cobalt manganate or lithium-nickel-cobalt aluminate.
2. The main materials are different
1. Lithium iron phosphate battery: The cathode materials of lithium ion batteries mainly include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, lithium nickel oxide and ternary. materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc. Among them, lithium cobalt oxide is the cathode material currently used in most lithium-ion batteries.
2. Ternary lithium battery: The ternary composite cathode material is composed of nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese saltas raw materials. The proportion of nickel, cobalt and manganese can be adjusted accordingly. real needs.
3. Different applications
1. Lithium iron phosphate battery: large electric vehicles: buses, electric cars, sightseeing buses and light electric vehicles: electric bicycles, golf carts, small flat battery carts, forklifts, cleaning vehicles, electric wheelchairs, etc. power tools: electric drills, chainsaws, lawn mowers, etc.
2. Ternary lithium battery: widely used in mobile and wireless electronic equipment, power tools, hybrid and electric vehicles and other fields.
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Advantages of lithium iron batteries phosphate Yes:
1 Lithium iron phosphate batteries have a longue lifespan and a lifespan of more than 2,000 times. Under the same conditions, lithium iron phosphate batteries can be used for 7 to 8 years.
2 Safe use. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have undergone strict safety testing and will not explode even in a traffic accident.
3 Charging is fast. Using a dedicated charger, the battery can be fully charged at 1.5°C in 40 minutes.
4 Lithium iron phosphate batteries are resistant to high temperatures, and the hot air value of lithium iron phosphate batteries can reach 350-500 degrees Celsius.
5 The lithium iron phosphate battery has a large capacity.
6 Lithium iron phosphate batteries do not have a memory effect.
7 Lithium iron phosphate battery is green, non-toxic, non-polluting, has many sources of raw materials and is cheap.
The disadvantages of lithium iron batteries phosphate are:
1 The plug density of the positive electrode of lithium iron phosphate batteries is low, and the density is generally about 0.8 to 1.3. Big size.
2 The conductivity is poor, the lithium ion diffusion rate is slow, and the actual specific capacity is low when charging and discharging at high times.
3 Lithium iron phosphate batteries have poor performance at low temperatures.
4 The life of a single lithium iron phosphate battery is long, about 2,000 times, but the life of a lithium iron phosphate battery is short, generally about 500 times.
Detailed information:
Improved security performance
Phosphoric acid P- in iron lithium crystalThe O bond is stable and difficult to decompose. Even at high temperatures or overload, it will not collapse andwill not generate heat or form strong oxidizing substances like lithium cobalt oxide, so it has good safety. According to some reports, in actual operations, a small number of samples burned during acupuncture or short circuit experiments, but no explosion occurred during overload experiments, high voltage charging several times higher than the discharge voltage was used. , and it was found that there were still explosion phenomena. Despite this, its overcharge safety has been significantly improved compared to ordinary liquid electrolyte, lithium and cobalt oxide batteries.
Improved service life
Lithium iron phosphate battery refers to a lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material.
The lifespan of long-life lead-acid batteries is about 300 times, and the maximum is500 times, while the lifespan of lithium iron phosphate batteries reaches more than 2,000 times when used with standard batteries. When charging (5 hours rate), it can reach 2000 times. Lead-acid batteries of the same quality last “six months for new ones, six months for old ones and another six months for maintenance”, or 1 to 1.5 years at most. However, when used under the same conditions, the theoretical life of lithium iron phosphate batteries will reach 7 to 8 years. Overall, the performance-price ratio is theoretically more than 4 times higher than that of lead-acid batteries. High current discharge can quickly charge and discharge at a high current of 2C. Under a special charger, the battery can be fully charged in 40 minutes at 1.5C, and the starting current can reach 2C. performance.
Good high temperature performance
The electric heating peak of the phospLithium iron oxide can reach 350℃-500℃, while the maximum value of lithium manganate and lithium cobalt oxide is only about 200℃. . It has a wide operating temperature range (-20°C to +75°C) and features high temperature resistance. The electric heating peak of lithium iron phosphate can reach 350℃ - 500℃, while lithium manganate and lithium cobalt oxide are only about 200℃.
Lithium iron phosphate is now generally chosen as the cathode material to power lithium-ion batteries in China. Market analysts from government, scientific research institutes, enterprises and even securities companies are optimistic about this material and consider it. as a power type lithium-ion battery. The direction of lithium-ion battery development. Analyzing the reasons, there are two main points:First, it is influenced by the direction of research and development in the United States. American companies Valence and A123 were the first to use lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. Second, there is no domestically prepared lithium manganate material with good high-temperature cycling and storage properties that can be used in power lithium-ion batteries. However, lithium iron phosphate also has fundamental defects that cannot be ignored, which can be summarized as follows:
1 During the sintering process when preparing iron and lithium phosphate lithium, iron oxide exists at high temperatures. reducing atmosphere. Possibility of being reduced to elemental iron. Elemental iron can cause micro-short circuits in batteries and is the most taboo substance in batteries. Is equalThis is the main reason why Japan has not used this material as a cathode material to power lithium-ion batteries.
2. Lithium iron phosphate has some performance defects, such as low tapping density and low packing density, which results in low energy density of lithium-ion batteries. Low temperature performance is poor and even nanonization and carbon coating have not solved this problem. D, Director of the Energy Storage Systems Center at Argonne National Laboratory When Dr. Hillebrand talked about the low-temperature performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries, he used the word "terrible" to describe them. Their test results on lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion batteries showed that lithium iron phosphate batteries cannot drive electric vehicles. low temperatures (below 0°C).
Although some manufacturers claim that the capacity retention rate of lithium iron phosphate batteries at low temperatures is not bad, it is when the discharge current is small and the discharge cut-off voltage is very low. In this situation, the device simply cannot start working.
Reference materials:
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