The composition of lithium-ion batteries is as follows:
Lithium-ion batteries (Li-ionBatteries) are developed from lithium batteries and use carbonaceous materials; As the negative electrode and contain lithium batteries, use lithium compounds as the positive electrode. During the charging and discharging process, there is no metallic lithium, only lithium ions.
Lithium-ion battery characteristics: high energy density; high tension ; safety, stability and less polluting; no memory effect;
Lithium-ion battery components:
Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are mainly composed of 6 parts: positive electrode, negative electrode, separator, current. collector and electrolyte, battery box.
(1) Cathode materials
Mainly include lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), lithium-cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material (LiNixMnyCo1 - x-yO2), nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary materials (LiNixCoyAl1-x-yO2), etc., which play a determining role in the energy density, lifetime and other properties of LIBs.
In order to improve the stability of cathode materials, researchers use different modification methods, such as doping (Mo, Mg), surface coating [metal oxide (Al2O3, ZnO), fluoride ( AlF3 )] and sharing two methods (Cr doping and Li3PO4 coating, Al doping and LiAlO2 coating), etc.
Among them, modifying the surface coating of cathode materials is considered the most effective method. Among many coating materials, Al2O3 is widely used due to its wide source, low price and ability to effectively improve the electrochemical performance of cathode materials.
(2) MaterialNegative electrode material
The negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery is made of a mixture of negative active material, carbon or non-carbon. material, binder and additives The paste adhesive is applied evenly to both sides of the copper foil, dried and rolled. The negative electrode material is the main body of lithium batteries that stores lithium, allowing lithium ions to be integrated and extracted during the charging and discharging process.
Anode materials are mainly divided into carbon materials and non-carbon materials. Carbon materials are mainly natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesophase carbon microspheres, hard carbon, soft carbon, etc. Carbon-free materials mainly include silicon-based anode materials, lithium titanate anode materials and other carbon-free anode materials.
(3) Separatorr
A specially formed polymer film. The film has a microporous structure that allows lithium ions to pass through freely, while electrons cannot. pass.
(4) Organic electrolyte
A carbonate solvent in which lithium hexafluorophosphate is dissolved. For polymers, a gel electrolyte is used.
(5) Battery box
It is divided into steel shell, aluminum shell, nickel-plated iron shell, aluminum-plastic film, etc. ., as well as the battery cap, which is also the positive and negative terminals of the battery.
Lithium batteries are generally composed of positive electrode materials andnegative electrode materials. Cathode materials include lithium nickelate, lithium manganate, ternary, lithium acid, lithium iron phosphate, etc., while electro materialsnegative generally include amorphous carbon materials, graphitized carbon materials and silicon-based materials, nitrides. , new alloys, etc.
Also, if you search based on the chemicals lithium batteries are made of, there will be more. Such as general electrolyte, CMC, lithium cobalt oxide, separator, PVDF, high temperature tape, NMP, graphite negative electrode, SBR, oxalic acid, foil copper, aluminum foil, etc. These are the constituent materials of lithium batteries.
Lithium Battery Safety
In order to prevent excessive discharge or overcharge of the battery due to misuse, a triple protection mechanism is installed in the lithium-ion battery. single ion. . The first is to use a switching element. When the temperature inside the battery increases, its resistanceance increases accordingly. When the temperature is too high, the power supply will be automatically shut down.
The second is to choose the. suitable separator material. When the temperature reaches a certain value, the micron-sized pores on the separator automatically dissolve, preventing lithium ions from passing through, and the internal reaction of the battery stops. The third is to implement security. valve (that is, the vent hole on the top of the battery), and the internal pressure of the battery will increase when it reaches a certain value, the safety valve will automatically open to ensure safety drums.
Reference for the content above? Baidu Encyclopedia – Lithium Battery